03-requests-安装及入门

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. # 发送get请求
7. r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
8. print(r)
9. 
10. # 发送post请求
11. r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data={'key': 'value'})
12. print(r)
13. 
14. # 发送PUT，DELETE，HEAD 以及 OPTIONS请求
15. r1 = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data={'key': 'value'})
16. r2 = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
17. r3 = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
18. r4 = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
19. print(r1, r2, r3, r4)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. # 例如， http://httpbin.org/get?key=val&key2=value2
7. payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
8. r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
9. print(r.url)
10. 
11. # 列表作为值传入
12. payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': ['value2', 'value3']}
13. 
14. r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)
15. print(r.url)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
7. # 文本格式
8. print(r.text)
9. print(type(r.text))
10. # 二进制格式
11. print(r.content)
12. print(type(r.content))
13. # json格式
14. print(r.json())
15. print(type(r.json()))
16. # 原始响应内容
17. print(r.raw)
18. print(type(r.raw))

1. # 添加请求头,只要简单地传递一个 dict 给 headers 参数就可以了
2. url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
3. headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
4. r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import json
5. 
6. import requests
7. 
8. # 发送post请求
9. # 1.表单形式的数据，只需简单地传递一个字典给 data 参数
10. payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
11. 
12. r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)
13. print(r.text)
14. 
15. # 还可以为 data 参数传入一个元组列表。在表单中多个元素使用同一 key 的时候，这种方式尤其有效
16. payload = (('key1', 'value1'), ('key1', 'value2'))
17. r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=payload)
18. print(r.text)
19. 
20. # 2.请求体-json格式数据
21. url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
22. payload = {'some': 'data'}
23. 
24. r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload))
25. 
26. # 使用 json 参数直接传递
27. url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
28. payload = {'some': 'data'}
29. 
30. r = requests.post(url, json=payload)
31. 
32. # 3.上传文件
33. url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
34. files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
35. 
36. r = requests.post(url, files=files)
37. print(r.text)
38. 
39. # 显式地设置文件名，文件类型和请求头
40. url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
41. files = {'file': ('report.xls', open('report.xls', 'rb'), 'application/vnd.ms-excel', {'Expires': '0'})}
42. r = requests.post(url, files=files)
43. print(r.text)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. r = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')
7. # 响应状态码
8. print(r.status_code)
9. # 响应头
10. print(r.headers)
11. print(r.headers['Content-Type'])  # 获取响应头某些字段值
12. print(r.headers.get('content-type'))

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. # 添加cookies
7. url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
8. cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
9. r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
10. print(r.text)
11. 
12. # 获取cookies
13. # print(r.cookies.get('cookie_name'))  # 示例，运行会报错
14. 
15. # Cookie 的返回对象为 RequestsCookieJar，它的行为和字典类似，但接口更为完整，适合跨域名跨路径使用
16. jar = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
17. jar.set('tasty_cookie', 'yum', domain='httpbin.org', path='/cookies')
18. jar.set('gross_cookie', 'blech', domain='httpbin.org', path='/elsewhere')
19. url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
20. r = requests.get(url, cookies=jar)
21. print(r.text)

1. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
2. # @Time    : 2021/5/5
3. # @Author  : 大海
4. import requests
5. 
6. r = requests.get('http://github.com')
7. # 请求url
8. print(r.url)
9. # 请求历史
10. print(r.history)
11. 
12. # 重定向设置allow_redirects  True 允许，False 不允许
13. r = requests.get('http://github.com', allow_redirects=False)
14. print(r.status_code)
15. print(r.history)
16.