第一部分:创建Maven中的Web工程
1 Web工程的目录如图所示:
2 说明
使用 mvn archetype:generate 命令生成 Web 工程时，需要使用一个专门的 archetype。这个专门生成 Web 工程骨架的 archetype 可以参照官网看到它的用法：
参数 archetypeGroupId、archetypeArtifactId、archetypeVersion 用来指定现在使用的 maven-archetype-webapp 的坐标
3 操作的命令行命令是
mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DarchetypeVersion=1.4
4 win+r输入Cmd enter 切换到运行项目的路径执行上面的代码
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.22000.856] (c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。 C:\Users\MZFAITHDREAM>d： 'd：' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序 或批处理文件。 C:\Users\MZFAITHDREAM>d: D:\>cd Maven_WoekSpaces\SpaceVideo D:\Maven_WoekSpaces\SpaceVideo>mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=org.apache.maven.archetypes -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] ------------------< org.apache.maven:standalone-pom >------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Stub Project (No POM) 1 [INFO] --------------------------------[ pom ]--------------------------------- [INFO] [INFO] >>> maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.1:generate (default-cli) > generate-sources @ standalone-pom >>> [INFO] [INFO] <<< maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.1:generate (default-cli) < generate-sources @ standalone-pom <<< [INFO] [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:3.2.1:generate (default-cli) @ standalone-pom --- [INFO] Generating project in Interactive mode [WARNING] No archetype found in remote catalog. Defaulting to internal catalog [INFO] Archetype repository not defined. Using the one from [org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp:1.0] found in catalog internal Downloading from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-webapp/1.4/maven-archetype-webapp-1.4.pom Downloaded from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-webapp/1.4/maven-archetype-webapp-1.4.pom (1.4 kB at 1.8 kB/s) Downloading from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-bundles/1.4/maven-archetype-bundles-1.4.pom Downloaded from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-bundles/1.4/maven-archetype-bundles-1.4.pom (4.5 kB at 11 kB/s) Downloading from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-webapp/1.4/maven-archetype-webapp-1.4.jar Downloaded from nexus-aliyun: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/archetypes/maven-archetype-webapp/1.4/maven-archetype-webapp-1.4.jar (6.8 kB at 14 kB/s) Define value for property 'groupId':
5 web项目构建运行成功的cmd命令窗口
Define value for property 'groupId': com.web.maven Define value for property 'artifactId': pros-web01-maven Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : Define value for property 'package' com.web.maven: : Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.web.maven artifactId: pros-web01-maven version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.web.maven Y: : [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.4 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.web.maven [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: pros-web01-maven [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.web.maven [INFO] Parameter: packageInPathFormat, Value: com/web/maven [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.web.maven [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.web.maven [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: pros-web01-maven [INFO] Project created from Archetype in dir: D:\Maven_WoekSpaces\SpaceVideo\pros-web01-maven [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 02:30 min [INFO] Finished at: 2022-09-01T09:56:24+08:00 [INFO] -------------------------------------
6 观察下面的代码
Define value for property 'groupId': com.web.maven Define value for property 'artifactId': pros-web01-maven Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: : Define value for property 'package' com.web.maven: :
7 生成的pom.xml 解析pom.xml文件 注释在下面有介绍在这里不在说明
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--Maven的坐标 --> <groupId>com.web.maven</groupId> <artifactId>pros-web01-maven</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- --> <!--打包的方式是War包 --> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>pros-web01-maven Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <!--源码的字符集 --> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 配置对Java工程maventest的依赖 --> <!-- 具体的配置方式：在dependency标签内使用坐标实现依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.efg.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maventest</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>pros-web01-maven</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
8 在自己创建maven-web项目中创建下面项目的信息
①在 main 目录下创建 java 目录
②在 java 目录下创建 Servlet 类所在的包的目录
③在包下创建 Servlet 类
9 创建Servicet类
package com.web.maven; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import java.io.IOException; public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getWriter().write("hello maven web"); } }
10 注册Service
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" > <web-app> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.web.maven.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
11 在 index.jsp 页面编写超链接
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> <a href="helloServlet">Access Servlet</a> </body> </html>
12 编译程序
此时直接执行 mvn compile 命令出错： DANGER 程序包 javax.servlet.http 不存在 程序包 javax.servlet 不存在 找不到符号 符号: 类 HttpServlet …… 上面的错误信息说明：我们的 Web 工程用到了 HttpServlet 这个类，而 HttpServlet 这个类属于 servlet-api.jar 这个 jar 包。此时我们说，Web 工程需要依赖 servlet-api.jar 包。
13 配置对 servlet-api.jar 包的依赖
对于不知道详细信息的依赖可以到https://mvnrepository.com/网站查询。使用关键词搜索，然后在搜索结果列表中选择适合的使用。
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
14 运行 mvn package 命令，生成 war 包的位置如下图所示：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <!--Maven的坐标 --> <groupId>com.web.maven</groupId> <artifactId>pros-web01-maven</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- --> <!--打包的方式是War包 --> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>pros-web01-maven Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <!--源码的字符集 --> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- 配置对Java工程maventest的依赖 --> <!-- 具体的配置方式：在dependency标签内使用坐标实现依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.efg.maven</groupId> <artifactId>maventest</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>pros-web01-maven</finalName> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
D:\Maven_WoekSpaces\SpaceVideo\pros-web01-maven>mvn package [INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] [INFO] -------------------< com.web.maven:pros-web01-maven >------------------- [INFO] Building pros-web01-maven Maven Webapp 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] --------------------------------[ war ]--------------------------------- [WARNING] The POM for com.efg.maven:maventest:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT is missing, no dependency information available [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD FAILURE [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 0.405 s [INFO] Finished at: 2022-09-01T22:02:53+08:00 [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project pros-web01-maven: Could not resolve dependencies for project com.web.maven:pros-web01-maven:war:1.0-SNAPSHOT: Could not find artifact com.efg.maven:maventest:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/DependencyResolutionException
