备案控制台
开发者社区 数据库 文章 正文

MySQL数据库，从入门到精通：第一篇——MySQL概念详解（一）

2023-07-06 71
版权
版权声明：
本文内容由阿里云实名注册用户自发贡献，版权归原作者所有，阿里云开发者社区不拥有其著作权，亦不承担相应法律责任。具体规则请查看《 阿里云开发者社区用户服务协议》和 《阿里云开发者社区知识产权保护指引》。如果您发现本社区中有涉嫌抄袭的内容，填写 侵权投诉表单进行举报，一经查实，本社区将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
本文涉及的产品
RDS MySQL Serverless 基础系列，0.5-2RCU 50GB
推荐场景：
学生管理系统数据库设计 搭建个人博客
云原生数据库 PolarDB MySQL 版，Serverless 5000PCU 100GB
推荐场景：
PolarDB for MySQL 多主集群体验
RDS MySQL Serverless 高可用系列，价值2615元额度，1个月
简介： MySQL数据库，从入门到精通：第一篇——MySQL概念详解（一）

练习SQL 数据库代码：

/*
SQLyog Ultimate v12.08 (64 bit)
MySQL - 5.7.28-log : Database - atguigudb
*********************************************************************
*/
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=''*/;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`atguigudb` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
USE `atguigudb`;
/*Table structure for table `countries` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `countries`;
CREATE TABLE `countries` (
  `country_id` char(2) NOT NULL,
  `country_name` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  `region_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`country_id`),
  KEY `countr_reg_fk` (`region_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `countr_reg_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`region_id`) REFERENCES `regions` (`region_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `countries` */
insert  into `countries`(`country_id`,`country_name`,`region_id`) values ('AR','Argentina',2),('AU','Australia',3),('BE','Belgium',1),('BR','Brazil',2),('CA','Canada',2),('CH','Switzerland',1),('CN','China',3),('DE','Germany',1),('DK','Denmark',1),('EG','Egypt',4),('FR','France',1),('HK','HongKong',3),('IL','Israel',4),('IN','India',3),('IT','Italy',1),('JP','Japan',3),('KW','Kuwait',4),('MX','Mexico',2),('NG','Nigeria',4),('NL','Netherlands',1),('SG','Singapore',3),('UK','United Kingdom',1),('US','United States of America',2),('ZM','Zambia',4),('ZW','Zimbabwe',4);
/*Table structure for table `departments` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `departments`;
CREATE TABLE `departments` (
  `department_id` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `department_name` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `location_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`department_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `dept_id_pk` (`department_id`),
  KEY `dept_loc_fk` (`location_id`),
  KEY `dept_mgr_fk` (`manager_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `dept_loc_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`location_id`) REFERENCES `locations` (`location_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `dept_mgr_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `departments` */
insert  into `departments`(`department_id`,`department_name`,`manager_id`,`location_id`) values (10,'Administration',200,1700),(20,'Marketing',201,1800),(30,'Purchasing',114,1700),(40,'Human Resources',203,2400),(50,'Shipping',121,1500),(60,'IT',103,1400),(70,'Public Relations',204,2700),(80,'Sales',145,2500),(90,'Executive',100,1700),(100,'Finance',108,1700),(110,'Accounting',205,1700),(120,'Treasury',NULL,1700),(130,'Corporate Tax',NULL,1700),(140,'Control And Credit',NULL,1700),(150,'Shareholder Services',NULL,1700),(160,'Benefits',NULL,1700),(170,'Manufacturing',NULL,1700),(180,'Construction',NULL,1700),(190,'Contracting',NULL,1700),(200,'Operations',NULL,1700),(210,'IT Support',NULL,1700),(220,'NOC',NULL,1700),(230,'IT Helpdesk',NULL,1700),(240,'Government Sales',NULL,1700),(250,'Retail Sales',NULL,1700),(260,'Recruiting',NULL,1700),(270,'Payroll',NULL,1700);
/*Table structure for table `employees` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employees`;
CREATE TABLE `employees` (
  `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `first_name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `last_name` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(25) NOT NULL,
  `phone_number` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hire_date` date NOT NULL,
  `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `salary` double(8,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `commission_pct` double(2,2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `manager_id` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `emp_email_uk` (`email`),
  UNIQUE KEY `emp_emp_id_pk` (`employee_id`),
  KEY `emp_dept_fk` (`department_id`),
  KEY `emp_job_fk` (`job_id`),
  KEY `emp_manager_fk` (`manager_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `emp_dept_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `emp_job_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `emp_manager_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`manager_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `employees` */
insert  into `employees`(`employee_id`,`first_name`,`last_name`,`email`,`phone_number`,`hire_date`,`job_id`,`salary`,`commission_pct`,`manager_id`,`department_id`) values (100,'Steven','King','SKING','515.123.4567','1987-06-17','AD_PRES',24000.00,NULL,NULL,90),(101,'Neena','Kochhar','NKOCHHAR','515.123.4568','1989-09-21','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(102,'Lex','De Haan','LDEHAAN','515.123.4569','1993-01-13','AD_VP',17000.00,NULL,100,90),(103,'Alexander','Hunold','AHUNOLD','590.423.4567','1990-01-03','IT_PROG',9000.00,NULL,102,60),(104,'Bruce','Ernst','BERNST','590.423.4568','1991-05-21','IT_PROG',6000.00,NULL,103,60),(105,'David','Austin','DAUSTIN','590.423.4569','1997-06-25','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(106,'Valli','Pataballa','VPATABAL','590.423.4560','1998-02-05','IT_PROG',4800.00,NULL,103,60),(107,'Diana','Lorentz','DLORENTZ','590.423.5567','1999-02-07','IT_PROG',4200.00,NULL,103,60),(108,'Nancy','Greenberg','NGREENBE','515.124.4569','1994-08-17','FI_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,100),(109,'Daniel','Faviet','DFAVIET','515.124.4169','1994-08-16','FI_ACCOUNT',9000.00,NULL,108,100),(110,'John','Chen','JCHEN','515.124.4269','1997-09-28','FI_ACCOUNT',8200.00,NULL,108,100),(111,'Ismael','Sciarra','ISCIARRA','515.124.4369','1997-09-30','FI_ACCOUNT',7700.00,NULL,108,100),(112,'Jose Manuel','Urman','JMURMAN','515.124.4469','1998-03-07','FI_ACCOUNT',7800.00,NULL,108,100),(113,'Luis','Popp','LPOPP','515.124.4567','1999-12-07','FI_ACCOUNT',6900.00,NULL,108,100),(114,'Den','Raphaely','DRAPHEAL','515.127.4561','1994-12-07','PU_MAN',11000.00,NULL,100,30),(115,'Alexander','Khoo','AKHOO','515.127.4562','1995-05-18','PU_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,114,30),(116,'Shelli','Baida','SBAIDA','515.127.4563','1997-12-24','PU_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,114,30),(117,'Sigal','Tobias','STOBIAS','515.127.4564','1997-07-24','PU_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,114,30),(118,'Guy','Himuro','GHIMURO','515.127.4565','1998-11-15','PU_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,114,30),(119,'Karen','Colmenares','KCOLMENA','515.127.4566','1999-08-10','PU_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,114,30),(120,'Matthew','Weiss','MWEISS','650.123.1234','1996-07-18','ST_MAN',8000.00,NULL,100,50),(121,'Adam','Fripp','AFRIPP','650.123.2234','1997-04-10','ST_MAN',8200.00,NULL,100,50),(122,'Payam','Kaufling','PKAUFLIN','650.123.3234','1995-05-01','ST_MAN',7900.00,NULL,100,50),(123,'Shanta','Vollman','SVOLLMAN','650.123.4234','1997-10-10','ST_MAN',6500.00,NULL,100,50),(124,'Kevin','Mourgos','KMOURGOS','650.123.5234','1999-11-16','ST_MAN',5800.00,NULL,100,50),(125,'Julia','Nayer','JNAYER','650.124.1214','1997-07-16','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(126,'Irene','Mikkilineni','IMIKKILI','650.124.1224','1998-09-28','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,120,50),(127,'James','Landry','JLANDRY','650.124.1334','1999-01-14','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,120,50),(128,'Steven','Markle','SMARKLE','650.124.1434','2000-03-08','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,120,50),(129,'Laura','Bissot','LBISSOT','650.124.5234','1997-08-20','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,121,50),(130,'Mozhe','Atkinson','MATKINSO','650.124.6234','1997-10-30','ST_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,121,50),(131,'James','Marlow','JAMRLOW','650.124.7234','1997-02-16','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,121,50),(132,'TJ','Olson','TJOLSON','650.124.8234','1999-04-10','ST_CLERK',2100.00,NULL,121,50),(133,'Jason','Mallin','JMALLIN','650.127.1934','1996-06-14','ST_CLERK',3300.00,NULL,122,50),(134,'Michael','Rogers','MROGERS','650.127.1834','1998-08-26','ST_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(135,'Ki','Gee','KGEE','650.127.1734','1999-12-12','ST_CLERK',2400.00,NULL,122,50),(136,'Hazel','Philtanker','HPHILTAN','650.127.1634','2000-02-06','ST_CLERK',2200.00,NULL,122,50),(137,'Renske','Ladwig','RLADWIG','650.121.1234','1995-07-14','ST_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,123,50),(138,'Stephen','Stiles','SSTILES','650.121.2034','1997-10-26','ST_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(139,'John','Seo','JSEO','650.121.2019','1998-02-12','ST_CLERK',2700.00,NULL,123,50),(140,'Joshua','Patel','JPATEL','650.121.1834','1998-04-06','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,123,50),(141,'Trenna','Rajs','TRAJS','650.121.8009','1995-10-17','ST_CLERK',3500.00,NULL,124,50),(142,'Curtis','Davies','CDAVIES','650.121.2994','1997-01-29','ST_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(143,'Randall','Matos','RMATOS','650.121.2874','1998-03-15','ST_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(144,'Peter','Vargas','PVARGAS','650.121.2004','1998-07-09','ST_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,124,50),(145,'John','Russell','JRUSSEL','011.44.1344.429268','1996-10-01','SA_MAN',14000.00,0.40,100,80),(146,'Karen','Partners','KPARTNER','011.44.1344.467268','1997-01-05','SA_MAN',13500.00,0.30,100,80),(147,'Alberto','Errazuriz','AERRAZUR','011.44.1344.429278','1997-03-10','SA_MAN',12000.00,0.30,100,80),(148,'Gerald','Cambrault','GCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.619268','1999-10-15','SA_MAN',11000.00,0.30,100,80),(149,'Eleni','Zlotkey','EZLOTKEY','011.44.1344.429018','2000-01-29','SA_MAN',10500.00,0.20,100,80),(150,'Peter','Tucker','PTUCKER','011.44.1344.129268','1997-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.30,145,80),(151,'David','Bernstein','DBERNSTE','011.44.1344.345268','1997-03-24','SA_REP',9500.00,0.25,145,80),(152,'Peter','Hall','PHALL','011.44.1344.478968','1997-08-20','SA_REP',9000.00,0.25,145,80),(153,'Christopher','Olsen','COLSEN','011.44.1344.498718','1998-03-30','SA_REP',8000.00,0.20,145,80),(154,'Nanette','Cambrault','NCAMBRAU','011.44.1344.987668','1998-12-09','SA_REP',7500.00,0.20,145,80),(155,'Oliver','Tuvault','OTUVAULT','011.44.1344.486508','1999-11-23','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,145,80),(156,'Janette','King','JKING','011.44.1345.429268','1996-01-30','SA_REP',10000.00,0.35,146,80),(157,'Patrick','Sully','PSULLY','011.44.1345.929268','1996-03-04','SA_REP',9500.00,0.35,146,80),(158,'Allan','McEwen','AMCEWEN','011.44.1345.829268','1996-08-01','SA_REP',9000.00,0.35,146,80),(159,'Lindsey','Smith','LSMITH','011.44.1345.729268','1997-03-10','SA_REP',8000.00,0.30,146,80),(160,'Louise','Doran','LDORAN','011.44.1345.629268','1997-12-15','SA_REP',7500.00,0.30,146,80),(161,'Sarath','Sewall','SSEWALL','011.44.1345.529268','1998-11-03','SA_REP',7000.00,0.25,146,80),(162,'Clara','Vishney','CVISHNEY','011.44.1346.129268','1997-11-11','SA_REP',10500.00,0.25,147,80),(163,'Danielle','Greene','DGREENE','011.44.1346.229268','1999-03-19','SA_REP',9500.00,0.15,147,80),(164,'Mattea','Marvins','MMARVINS','011.44.1346.329268','2000-01-24','SA_REP',7200.00,0.10,147,80),(165,'David','Lee','DLEE','011.44.1346.529268','2000-02-23','SA_REP',6800.00,0.10,147,80),(166,'Sundar','Ande','SANDE','011.44.1346.629268','2000-03-24','SA_REP',6400.00,0.10,147,80),(167,'Amit','Banda','ABANDA','011.44.1346.729268','2000-04-21','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,147,80),(168,'Lisa','Ozer','LOZER','011.44.1343.929268','1997-03-11','SA_REP',11500.00,0.25,148,80),(169,'Harrison','Bloom','HBLOOM','011.44.1343.829268','1998-03-23','SA_REP',10000.00,0.20,148,80),(170,'Tayler','Fox','TFOX','011.44.1343.729268','1998-01-24','SA_REP',9600.00,0.20,148,80),(171,'William','Smith','WSMITH','011.44.1343.629268','1999-02-23','SA_REP',7400.00,0.15,148,80),(172,'Elizabeth','Bates','EBATES','011.44.1343.529268','1999-03-24','SA_REP',7300.00,0.15,148,80),(173,'Sundita','Kumar','SKUMAR','011.44.1343.329268','2000-04-21','SA_REP',6100.00,0.10,148,80),(174,'Ellen','Abel','EABEL','011.44.1644.429267','1996-05-11','SA_REP',11000.00,0.30,149,80),(175,'Alyssa','Hutton','AHUTTON','011.44.1644.429266','1997-03-19','SA_REP',8800.00,0.25,149,80),(176,'Jonathon','Taylor','JTAYLOR','011.44.1644.429265','1998-03-24','SA_REP',8600.00,0.20,149,80),(177,'Jack','Livingston','JLIVINGS','011.44.1644.429264','1998-04-23','SA_REP',8400.00,0.20,149,80),(178,'Kimberely','Grant','KGRANT','011.44.1644.429263','1999-05-24','SA_REP',7000.00,0.15,149,NULL),(179,'Charles','Johnson','CJOHNSON','011.44.1644.429262','2000-01-04','SA_REP',6200.00,0.10,149,80),(180,'Winston','Taylor','WTAYLOR','650.507.9876','1998-01-24','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,120,50),(181,'Jean','Fleaur','JFLEAUR','650.507.9877','1998-02-23','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,120,50),(182,'Martha','Sullivan','MSULLIVA','650.507.9878','1999-06-21','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,120,50),(183,'Girard','Geoni','GGEONI','650.507.9879','2000-02-03','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,120,50),(184,'Nandita','Sarchand','NSARCHAN','650.509.1876','1996-01-27','SH_CLERK',4200.00,NULL,121,50),(185,'Alexis','Bull','ABULL','650.509.2876','1997-02-20','SH_CLERK',4100.00,NULL,121,50),(186,'Julia','Dellinger','JDELLING','650.509.3876','1998-06-24','SH_CLERK',3400.00,NULL,121,50),(187,'Anthony','Cabrio','ACABRIO','650.509.4876','1999-02-07','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,121,50),(188,'Kelly','Chung','KCHUNG','650.505.1876','1997-06-14','SH_CLERK',3800.00,NULL,122,50),(189,'Jennifer','Dilly','JDILLY','650.505.2876','1997-08-13','SH_CLERK',3600.00,NULL,122,50),(190,'Timothy','Gates','TGATES','650.505.3876','1998-07-11','SH_CLERK',2900.00,NULL,122,50),(191,'Randall','Perkins','RPERKINS','650.505.4876','1999-12-19','SH_CLERK',2500.00,NULL,122,50),(192,'Sarah','Bell','SBELL','650.501.1876','1996-02-04','SH_CLERK',4000.00,NULL,123,50),(193,'Britney','Everett','BEVERETT','650.501.2876','1997-03-03','SH_CLERK',3900.00,NULL,123,50),(194,'Samuel','McCain','SMCCAIN','650.501.3876','1998-07-01','SH_CLERK',3200.00,NULL,123,50),(195,'Vance','Jones','VJONES','650.501.4876','1999-03-17','SH_CLERK',2800.00,NULL,123,50),(196,'Alana','Walsh','AWALSH','650.507.9811','1998-04-24','SH_CLERK',3100.00,NULL,124,50),(197,'Kevin','Feeney','KFEENEY','650.507.9822','1998-05-23','SH_CLERK',3000.00,NULL,124,50),(198,'Donald','OConnell','DOCONNEL','650.507.9833','1999-06-21','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(199,'Douglas','Grant','DGRANT','650.507.9844','2000-01-13','SH_CLERK',2600.00,NULL,124,50),(200,'Jennifer','Whalen','JWHALEN','515.123.4444','1987-09-17','AD_ASST',4400.00,NULL,101,10),(201,'Michael','Hartstein','MHARTSTE','515.123.5555','1996-02-17','MK_MAN',13000.00,NULL,100,20),(202,'Pat','Fay','PFAY','603.123.6666','1997-08-17','MK_REP',6000.00,NULL,201,20),(203,'Susan','Mavris','SMAVRIS','515.123.7777','1994-06-07','HR_REP',6500.00,NULL,101,40),(204,'Hermann','Baer','HBAER','515.123.8888','1994-06-07','PR_REP',10000.00,NULL,101,70),(205,'Shelley','Higgins','SHIGGINS','515.123.8080','1994-06-07','AC_MGR',12000.00,NULL,101,110),(206,'William','Gietz','WGIETZ','515.123.8181','1994-06-07','AC_ACCOUNT',8300.00,NULL,205,110);
/*Table structure for table `job_grades` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_grades`;
CREATE TABLE `job_grades` (
  `grade_level` varchar(3) DEFAULT NULL,
  `lowest_sal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `highest_sal` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `job_grades` */
insert  into `job_grades`(`grade_level`,`lowest_sal`,`highest_sal`) values ('A',1000,2999),('B',3000,5999),('C',6000,9999),('D',10000,14999),('E',15000,24999),('F',25000,40000);
/*Table structure for table `job_history` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `job_history`;
CREATE TABLE `job_history` (
  `employee_id` int(6) NOT NULL,
  `start_date` date NOT NULL,
  `end_date` date NOT NULL,
  `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `department_id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`,`start_date`),
  UNIQUE KEY `jhist_emp_id_st_date_pk` (`employee_id`,`start_date`),
  KEY `jhist_job_fk` (`job_id`),
  KEY `jhist_dept_fk` (`department_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `jhist_dept_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`department_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `jhist_emp_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`employee_id`) REFERENCES `employees` (`employee_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `jhist_job_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`job_id`) REFERENCES `jobs` (`job_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `job_history` */
insert  into `job_history`(`employee_id`,`start_date`,`end_date`,`job_id`,`department_id`) values (101,'1989-09-21','1993-10-27','AC_ACCOUNT',110),(101,'1993-10-28','1997-03-15','AC_MGR',110),(102,'1993-01-13','1998-07-24','IT_PROG',60),(114,'1998-03-24','1999-12-31','ST_CLERK',50),(122,'1999-01-01','1999-12-31','ST_CLERK',50),(176,'1998-03-24','1998-12-31','SA_REP',80),(176,'1999-01-01','1999-12-31','SA_MAN',80),(200,'1987-09-17','1993-06-17','AD_ASST',90),(200,'1994-07-01','1998-12-31','AC_ACCOUNT',90),(201,'1996-02-17','1999-12-19','MK_REP',20);
/*Table structure for table `jobs` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jobs`;
CREATE TABLE `jobs` (
  `job_id` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `job_title` varchar(35) NOT NULL,
  `min_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `max_salary` int(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`job_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `job_id_pk` (`job_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `jobs` */
insert  into `jobs`(`job_id`,`job_title`,`min_salary`,`max_salary`) values ('AC_ACCOUNT','Public Accountant',4200,9000),('AC_MGR','Accounting Manager',8200,16000),('AD_ASST','Administration Assistant',3000,6000),('AD_PRES','President',20000,40000),('AD_VP','Administration Vice President',15000,30000),('FI_ACCOUNT','Accountant',4200,9000),('FI_MGR','Finance Manager',8200,16000),('HR_REP','Human Resources Representative',4000,9000),('IT_PROG','Programmer',4000,10000),('MK_MAN','Marketing Manager',9000,15000),('MK_REP','Marketing Representative',4000,9000),('PR_REP','Public Relations Representative',4500,10500),('PU_CLERK','Purchasing Clerk',2500,5500),('PU_MAN','Purchasing Manager',8000,15000),('SA_MAN','Sales Manager',10000,20000),('SA_REP','Sales Representative',6000,12000),('SH_CLERK','Shipping Clerk',2500,5500),('ST_CLERK','Stock Clerk',2000,5000),('ST_MAN','Stock Manager',5500,8500);
/*Table structure for table `locations` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `locations`;
CREATE TABLE `locations` (
  `location_id` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
  `street_address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
  `postal_code` varchar(12) DEFAULT NULL,
  `city` varchar(30) NOT NULL,
  `state_province` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  `country_id` char(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`location_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `loc_id_pk` (`location_id`),
  KEY `loc_c_id_fk` (`country_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `loc_c_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `countries` (`country_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `locations` */
insert  into `locations`(`location_id`,`street_address`,`postal_code`,`city`,`state_province`,`country_id`) values (1000,'1297 Via Cola di Rie','00989','Roma',NULL,'IT'),(1100,'93091 Calle della Testa','10934','Venice',NULL,'IT'),(1200,'2017 Shinjuku-ku','1689','Tokyo','Tokyo Prefecture','JP'),(1300,'9450 Kamiya-cho','6823','Hiroshima',NULL,'JP'),(1400,'2014 Jabberwocky Rd','26192','Southlake','Texas','US'),(1500,'2011 Interiors Blvd','99236','South San Francisco','California','US'),(1600,'2007 Zagora St','50090','South Brunswick','New Jersey','US'),(1700,'2004 Charade Rd','98199','Seattle','Washington','US'),(1800,'147 Spadina Ave','M5V 2L7','Toronto','Ontario','CA'),(1900,'6092 Boxwood St','YSW 9T2','Whitehorse','Yukon','CA'),(2000,'40-5-12 Laogianggen','190518','Beijing',NULL,'CN'),(2100,'1298 Vileparle (E)','490231','Bombay','Maharashtra','IN'),(2200,'12-98 Victoria Street','2901','Sydney','New South Wales','AU'),(2300,'198 Clementi North','540198','Singapore',NULL,'SG'),(2400,'8204 Arthur St',NULL,'London',NULL,'UK'),(2500,'Magdalen Centre, The Oxford Science Park','OX9 9ZB','Oxford','Oxford','UK'),(2600,'9702 Chester Road','09629850293','Stretford','Manchester','UK'),(2700,'Schwanthalerstr. 7031','80925','Munich','Bavaria','DE'),(2800,'Rua Frei Caneca 1360 ','01307-002','Sao Paulo','Sao Paulo','BR'),(2900,'20 Rue des Corps-Saints','1730','Geneva','Geneve','CH'),(3000,'Murtenstrasse 921','3095','Bern','BE','CH'),(3100,'Pieter Breughelstraat 837','3029SK','Utrecht','Utrecht','NL'),(3200,'Mariano Escobedo 9991','11932','Mexico City','Distrito Federal,','MX');
/*Table structure for table `order` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order`;
CREATE TABLE `order` (
  `order_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `order_name` varchar(15) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `order` */
insert  into `order`(`order_id`,`order_name`) values (1,'shkstart'),(2,'tomcat'),(3,'dubbo');
/*Table structure for table `regions` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `regions`;
CREATE TABLE `regions` (
  `region_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `region_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`region_id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `reg_id_pk` (`region_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*Data for the table `regions` */
insert  into `regions`(`region_id`,`region_name`) values (1,'Europe'),(2,'Americas'),(3,'Asia'),(4,'Middle East and Africa');
/*Table structure for table `emp_details_view` */
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view`;
/*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
/*!50001 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
/*!50001 CREATE TABLE  `emp_details_view`(
 `employee_id` int(6) ,
 `job_id` varchar(10) ,
 `manager_id` int(6) ,
 `department_id` int(4) ,
 `location_id` int(4) ,
 `country_id` char(2) ,
 `first_name` varchar(20) ,
 `last_name` varchar(25) ,
 `salary` double(8,2) ,
 `commission_pct` double(2,2) ,
 `department_name` varchar(30) ,
 `job_title` varchar(35) ,
 `city` varchar(30) ,
 `state_province` varchar(25) ,
 `country_name` varchar(40) ,
 `region_name` varchar(25) 
)*/;
/*View structure for view emp_details_view */
/*!50001 DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
/*!50001 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS `emp_details_view` */;
/*!50001 CREATE ALGORITHM=UNDEFINED DEFINER=`root`@`localhost` SQL SECURITY DEFINER VIEW `emp_details_view` AS select `e`.`employee_id` AS `employee_id`,`e`.`job_id` AS `job_id`,`e`.`manager_id` AS `manager_id`,`e`.`department_id` AS `department_id`,`d`.`location_id` AS `location_id`,`l`.`country_id` AS `country_id`,`e`.`first_name` AS `first_name`,`e`.`last_name` AS `last_name`,`e`.`salary` AS `salary`,`e`.`commission_pct` AS `commission_pct`,`d`.`department_name` AS `department_name`,`j`.`job_title` AS `job_title`,`l`.`city` AS `city`,`l`.`state_province` AS `state_province`,`c`.`country_name` AS `country_name`,`r`.`region_name` AS `region_name` from (((((`employees` `e` join `departments` `d`) join `jobs` `j`) join `locations` `l`) join `countries` `c`) join `regions` `r`) where ((`e`.`department_id` = `d`.`department_id`) and (`d`.`location_id` = `l`.`location_id`) and (`l`.`country_id` = `c`.`country_id`) and (`c`.`region_id` = `r`.`region_id`) and (`j`.`job_id` = `e`.`job_id`)) */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;


前言： 本文主要介绍了使用数据库的原因、数据库管理系统以及常见的数据库排名和介绍。特别地，文章详细介绍了MySQL数据库的概念、历史发展和MySQL 8版本的特性，以及Oracle和MySQL之间的差异。希望读者通过本文了解数据库的重要性以及MySQL在互联网企业中的广泛应用。


摘要：本文是一篇针对MySQL数据库介绍的文章，主要围绕数据库和数据库管理系统的概念，介绍了常见的数据库和DBMS以及它们的排名。文章详细探讨了MySQL作为一种关系型数据库管理系统的特性和历史发展，最后对比了Oracle和MySQL之间的不同之处。通过阅读本文，读者可以加深对MySQL数据库的理解和应用，并进一步认识到数据库在企业级应用中的重要性。


第一篇_MySQL概念详解

1. 为什么要使用数据库

持久化(persistence)：把数据保存到可掉电式存储设备中以供之后使用。大多数情况下，特别是企业级应用，数据持久化意味着将内存中的数据保存到硬盘上加以”固化”，而持久化的实现过程大多通过各种关系数据库来完成。


持久化的主要作用是将内存中的数据存储在关系型数据库中，当然也可以存储在磁盘文件、XML数据文件中。


2. 数据库与数据库管理系统

2.1 数据库的相关概念

DB：数据库（Database）

即存储数据的“仓库”，其本质是一个文件系统。它保存了一系列有组织的数据。

DBMS：数据库管理系统（Database Management System）

是一种操纵和管理数据库的大型软件，用于建立、使用和维护数据库，对数据库进行统一管理和控

SQL：结构化查询语言（Structured Query Language）

专门用来与数据库通信的语言。


2.2 数据库与数据库管理系统的关系

数据库管理系统(DBMS)可以管理多个数据库，一般开发人员会针对每一个应用创建一个数据库。为保存

应用中实体的数据，一般会在数据库创建多个表，以保存程序中实体用户的数据。

数据库管理系统、数据库和表的关系如图所示：


2.3 常见的数据库管理系统排名(DBMS)

目前互联网上常见的数据库管理软件有Oracle、MySQL、MS SQL Server、DB2、PostgreSQL、Access、Sybase、Informix这几种。以下是2021年DB-Engines Ranking 对各数据库受欢迎程度进行调查后的统计结果：（查看数据库最新排名: https://db-engines.com/en/ranking）

对应的走势图：（https://db-engines.com/en/ranking_trend）


2.4 常见的数据库介绍

Oracle


1979 年，Oracle 2 诞生，它是第一个商用的 RDBMS（关系型数据库管理系统）。随着 Oracle

软件的名气越来越大，公司也改名叫 Oracle 公司。 2007年，总计85亿美金收购BEA Systems。

2009年，总计74亿美金收购SUN。此前的2008年，SUN以10亿美金收购MySQL。意味着Oracle 同时拥有了 MySQL

的管理权，至此 Oracle 在数据库领域中成为绝对的领导者。 2013年，甲骨文超越IBM，成为继Microsoft后全球第二大软件公司。

如今 Oracle 的年收入达到了 400 亿美金，足以证明商用（收费）数据库软件的价值


SQL Server


SQL Server 是微软开发的大型商业数据库，诞生于 1989

年。C#、.net等语言常使用，与WinNT完全集成，也可以很好地与Microsoft BackOffice产品集成。


DB2


IBM公司的数据库产品,收费的。常应用在银行系统中。


PostgreSQL


PostgreSQL 的稳定性极强，最符合SQL标准，开放源码，具备商业级DBMS质量。PG对数据量大的文本以及SQL处理较快。已经淡出历史舞台。提供了一个非常专业数据建模的工具PowerDesigner。


SQLite


嵌入式的小型数据库，应用在手机端。

零配置，SQlite3不用安装，不用配置，不用启动，关闭或者配置数据库实例。当系统崩溃后不用做任何恢复操作，再下次使用数据库的时候自动恢复。


informix


IBM公司出品，取自Information

和Unix的结合，它是第一个被移植到Linux上的商业数据库产品。运行于unix/linux平台，命令行操作。

性能较高，支持集群，适应于安全性要求极高的系统，尤其是银行，证券系统的应用。

文章标签：
云数据库 RDS MySQL 版
云原生数据库 PolarDB
SQL
关系型数据库
数据库管理
Linux
Unix
MySQL
Oracle
PostgreSQL
数据库
存储
关键词：
数据库mysql
云数据库 RDS MySQL 版mysql数据库
云数据库 RDS MySQL 版mysql
数据库概念
云数据库 RDS MySQL 版概念
相关实践学习
基于CentOS快速搭建LAMP环境
本教程介绍如何搭建LAMP环境，其中LAMP分别代表Linux、Apache、MySQL和PHP。
全面了解阿里云能为你做什么
阿里云在全球各地部署高效节能的绿色数据中心，利用清洁计算为万物互联的新世界提供源源不断的能源动力，目前开服的区域包括中国（华北、华东、华南、香港）、新加坡、美国（美东、美西）、欧洲、中东、澳大利亚、日本。目前阿里云的产品涵盖弹性计算、数据库、存储与CDN、分析与搜索、云通信、网络、管理与监控、应用服务、互联网中间件、移动服务、视频服务等。通过本课程，来了解阿里云能够为你的业务带来哪些帮助     相关的阿里云产品：云服务器ECS 云服务器 ECS（Elastic Compute Service）是一种弹性可伸缩的计算服务，助您降低 IT 成本，提升运维效率，使您更专注于核心业务创新。产品详情: https://www.aliyun.com/product/ecs
叫我默语
目录
相关文章
cuicuicuic
|
4天前
|
关系型数据库 MySQL API
实时计算 Flink版产品使用合集之可以通过mysql-cdc动态监听MySQL数据库的数据变动吗
实时计算Flink版作为一种强大的流处理和批处理统一的计算框架，广泛应用于各种需要实时数据处理和分析的场景。实时计算Flink版通常结合SQL接口、DataStream API、以及与上下游数据源和存储系统的丰富连接器，提供了一套全面的解决方案，以应对各种实时计算需求。其低延迟、高吞吐、容错性强的特点，使其成为众多企业和组织实时数据处理首选的技术平台。以下是实时计算Flink版的一些典型使用合集。
cuicuicuic
79 0
s:103
|
6天前
|
Java 关系型数据库 MySQL
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · xlsx文件，Excel表格导入数据库的接口（下）
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · xlsx文件，Excel表格导入数据库的接口
s:103
44 0
s:103
|
6天前
|
Java 关系型数据库 MySQL
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · xlsx文件，Excel表格导入数据库的接口（上）
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · xlsx文件，Excel表格导入数据库的接口
s:103
47 0
jerrywangsap
|
5天前
|
存储 数据采集 数据管理
什么是数据库的概念模式
什么是数据库的概念模式
jerrywangsap
26 5
s:103
|
6天前
|
前端开发 关系型数据库 MySQL
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · 数据库导出Excel表格文件的接口
【MySQL × SpringBoot 突发奇想】全面实现流程 · 数据库导出Excel表格文件的接口
s:103
38 0
hdy_coming
|
6天前
|
SQL 关系型数据库 Serverless
阿里云关系型数据库RDS
阿里云关系型数据库RDS
hdy_coming
164 49
火威网络
|
6天前
|
关系型数据库 MySQL 数据库
mysql 设置环境变量与未设置环境变量连接数据库的区别
设置与未设置MySQL环境变量在连接数据库时主要区别在于命令输入方式和系统便捷性。设置环境变量后，可直接使用`mysql -u 用户名 -p`命令连接，而无需指定完整路径，提升便利性和灵活性。未设置时，需输入完整路径如`C:\Program Files\MySQL\...`，操作繁琐且易错。为提高效率和减少错误，推荐安装后设置环境变量。[查看视频讲解](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vH4y137HC/)。
火威网络
91 3
mysql 设置环境变量与未设置环境变量连接数据库的区别
谙忆
|
SQL Java 数据库连接
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(十五)-Apache的DBUtils框架使用
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(十五)-Apache的DBUtils框架使用
谙忆
141 0
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(十五)-Apache的DBUtils框架使用
谙忆
|
SQL 关系型数据库 MySQL
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(六)-事务处理与事务隔离(锁机制)
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(六)-事务处理与事务隔离(锁机制)
谙忆
105 0
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(六)-事务处理与事务隔离(锁机制)
谙忆
|
存储 SQL 关系型数据库
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(五)-存储过程
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(五)-存储过程
谙忆
113 0
MySQL---数据库从入门走向大神系列(五)-存储过程

热门文章

最新文章

  • 1
    Python与NoSQL数据库（MongoDB、Redis等）面试问答
  • 2
    手把手教你实现 OceanBase 数据到阿里云数据库 SelectDB 内核版 Apache Doris 的便捷迁移｜实用指南
  • 3
    Druid数据库连接池简介及应用推广(老项目翻出来做下记录)
  • 4
    Centos7安装mariadb数据库
  • 5
    数据库库表结构设计：原理、实例与最佳实践
  • 6
    关系型数据库ALTER语句
  • 7
    寻找最懂数据库的你，开启云端推广事业！丰厚收益，轻松赚取！
  • 8
    数据库开发之图形化工具以及表操作的详细解析
  • 9
    关系型数据库删除数据
  • 10
    如何保证缓存与数据库的数据一致性？
  • 1
    [MySQL]事务原理之redo log,undo log
    132
  • 2
    [MySQL]SQL优化之索引的使用规则
    44
  • 3
    [MySQL] SQL优化之性能分析
    39
  • 4
    【mysql】—— 用户管理
    40
  • 5
    【mysql】—— 视图
    35
  • 6
    【mysql】—— 表的增删改查
    45
  • 7
    【mysql】—— 表的约束
    43
  • 8
    【MYSQL】—— MySQL 在 Centos 7环境安装
    76
  • 9
    MySQL模糊查询二三事
    29
  • 10
    MySQL的JOIN到底是怎么玩的
    110

    • 相关课程

    更多
  • MySQL企业常见架构与调优经验分享
  • 云数据库MySQL版快速上手教程
  • 阿里云云原生数据仓库AnalyticDB MySQL版 使用教程
  • MySQL实战进阶
  • 数据库及SQL/MySQL基础
  • 云数据库MySQL快速入门

    • 相关电子书

    更多
  • 搭建电商项目架构连接MySQL
  • 搭建4层电商项目架构，实战连接MySQL
  • PolarDB MySQL引擎重磅功能及产品能力盛大发布

    • 相关实验场景

    更多
  • 极致弹性的PolarDB Serverless确保数据业务持续在线
  • 云端MySQL的安装及应用
  • 体验PolarDB MySQL多主集群
  • 基于ECS+RDS的在线留言系统
  • 如何通过RDS MySQL数据库内网访问
  • RDS MySQL Serverless资源与负载自适应

    • 推荐镜像

    更多
  • mysql
  • mariadb
  • postgresql
    • 下一篇
    2024年阿里云免费云服务器及学生云服务器申请教程参考