1、简介
SpringBoot不仅继承了Spring框架原有的优秀特性,而且还通过简化配置来进一步简化了Spring应用的整个搭建和开发过程。在Spring-Boot项目开发中,存在着本模块的代码需要访问外面模块接口,或外部url链接的需求, 比如在apaas开发过程中需要封装接口在接口中调用apaas提供的接口(像发起流程接口submit等等)下面也是提供了四种方式(不使用dubbo的方式)供我们选择
2、方式一:使用原始httpClient请求
/* * @description get方式获取入参,插入数据并发起流程 * @author lyx * @date 2022/8/24 16:05 * @params documentId * @return String */ // @RequestMapping("/submit/{documentId}") public String submit1(@PathVariable String documentId) throws ParseException { //此处将要发送的数据转换为json格式字符串 Map<String,Object> map =task2Service.getMap(documentId); String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map, SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames); JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr); JSONObject sr = task2Service.doPost(jsonObject); return sr.toString(); } /* * @description 使用原生httpClient调用外部接口 * @author lyx * @date 2022/8/24 16:08 * @params date * @return JSONObject */ public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date) { String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ"; CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 要调用的接口url String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661 /xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit"; HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); JSONObject jsonObject = null; try { //创建请求体并添加数据 StringEntity s = new StringEntity(date.toString()); //此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数 s.setContentType("application/json"); s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8"); post.setEntity(s); //此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息 post.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " +assessToken); HttpResponse res = client.execute(post); String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity()); if (res.getStatusLine() .getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { // 返回json格式: String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity()); jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } return jsonObject; }
3、方式二:使用RestTemplate方法
Spring-Boot开发中,RestTemplate
同样提供了对外访问的接口API,这里主要介绍Get和Post方法的使用。
Get请求
提供了getForObject
、getForEntity
两种方式,其中getForEntity
如下三种方法的实现:
Get--getForEntity
,存在以下两种方式重载
1.getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables) 2.getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
Get--getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
//该方法使用URI对象来替代之前的url和urlVariables参数来指定访问地址和参数绑定。URI是JDK java.net包下的一个类,表示一个统一资源标识符(Uniform Resource Identifier)引用。参考如下: RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate(); UriComponents uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}") .build() .expand("dodo") .encode(); URI uri=uriComponents.toUri(); ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();
Get--getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
//该方法提供了三个参数,其中url为请求的地址,responseType为请求响应body的包装类型,urlVariables为url中的参数绑定,该方法的参考调用如下: // http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name) RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate(); Mapparams=new HashMap<>(); params.put("name","dada"); // ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);
Get--getForObject,存在以下三种方式重载
1.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables) 2.getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables) 3.getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)
getForObject方法可以理解为对getForEntity的进一步封装,它通过HttpMessageConverterExtractor
对HTTP的请求响应体body内容进行对象转换,实现请求直接返回包装好的对象内容。
Post 请求
Post请求提供有postForEntity
、postForObject
和postForLocation
三种方式,其中每种方式都有三种方法,下面介绍postForEntity
的使用方法。
Post--postForEntity,存在以下三种方式重载
1.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object... uriVariables) 2.postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map uriVariables) 3.postForEntity(URI url,Object request,Class responseType)
如下仅演示第二种重载方式
/* * @description post方式获取入参,插入数据并发起流程 * @author lyx * @date 2022/8/24 16:07 * @params * @return */ @PostMapping("/submit2") public Object insertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) { String documentId=jsonObject.get("documentId").toString(); return task2Service.submit(documentId); } /* * @description 使用restTimeplate调外部接口 * @author lyx * @date 2022/8/24 16:02 * @params documentId * @return String */ public String submit(String documentId){ String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ"; RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate(); //创建请求头 HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); //此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息 httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer " + assessToken); //此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数 httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json"); Map<String, Object> map = getMap(documentId); String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map); //创建请求体并添加数据 HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<Map>(map, httpHeaders); String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit"; ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);//此处三个参数分别是请求地址、请求体以及返回参数类型 return forEntity.toString(); }
4、方式三:使用Feign进行消费
在maven项目中添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId> <version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"}) public class MobilecardApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args); } }
此处编写接口模拟外部接口供feign调用外部接口方式使用
定义controller
@SpringBootApplication @EnableFeignClients @ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"}) public class MobilecardApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args); } }
定义service
@Servicepublic interface PrintService { public String print(TestDto testDto); }
定义serviceImpl
public class PrintServiceImpl implements PrintService { @Override public String print(TestDto testDto) { return "模拟外部系统的接口功能"+testDto.getId(); } }
构建Feigin的Service
定义service
//此处name需要设置不为空,url需要在.properties中设置 @Service @FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}", name = "service2") public interface FeignService2 { @RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSide", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto); }
定义controller
@Autowired FeignService2 feignService2; //测试feign调用外部接口入口 @PostMapping("/test2") public String test2(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) { return feignService2.getMessage(testDto); }
postman测试
此处因为我使用了所在项目,所以需要添加一定的请求头等信息,关于Feign的请求头添加也会在后续补充
补充如下:
添加Header解决方法
将token等信息放入Feign请求头中,主要通过重写RequestInterceptor
的apply方法实现
定义config
@Configuration public class FeignConfig implements RequestInterceptor { @Override public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) { //添加token requestTemplate.header("token", "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ"); } }
定义service
@Service @FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}",name = "feignServer", configuration = FeignDemoConfig.class) public interface TokenDemoClient { @RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSideAddToken", method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto); }
定义controller
//测试feign调用外部接口入口,加上token @PostMapping("/testToken") public String test4(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) { return tokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto); }