Django第4步_理解form表单类与处理html的post、get-阿里云开发者社区

表单类

用户登陆框
可以用纯粹的html代码来编写，也可以用django中的forms编写
创建forms.py来写这个表单数据

在python控制台打印查看login_form，结果就是html代码

既然这样为什么不直接用html写？
form不会这么无聊，它可以暂存表单数据，充当临时容器
就好像我们用C++进行值交换时候

void exchange(int &x,int &y)
{
   
   
    int temp=x;//临时变量temp
    x=y;
    y=temp;
}

类似临时变量temp,form表单就可以充当一个临时容器存储数据
form表单写一个临时存储数据
有个重点
就是我们写html的表单数据提交时在表单添加{%crsf_token%}
cross-site request forgery,跨站请求仿造（因为django内置了一个crsf中间键）
避免前端通过post方式提交数据被django禁止
查看django内置的django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware

接下来介绍html的变量标签、块标签
变量标签{ {p.Person_name}}
快标签{% if Persons%}
请看下面的html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>模型交易平台首页</title>
</head>
<body>
用户信息:
{
   
   % if Persons %}
    <ol>
        {
   
   % for p in Persons %}
            <li>
                <p>用户名:{
   
   {
   
     p.Person_name }}</p>
                <p>用户金币:{
   
   {
   
    p.Person_money }}</p>
                <p>用户账号:{
   
   {
   
    p.Person_id }}</p>
            </li>
        {
   
   % endfor %}
    </ol>
{
   
   % else %}
    No Person.
{
   
   % endif %}
</body>

</html>

简单的测试ok!
接下来写一个form表单数据匹配html的表单标签来进行登录

from django import forms
from .models import *#导入有户模型
#仅仅使用用户名和密码登录,和html的id一致
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    username=forms.CharField()
    password=forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)

ok,接下来在views视图函数写一个查找用户函数Find_Person
存在返回1否则返回0

def Find_Person(P_name,P_pwd):
    Person_name=models.Person.objects.order_by('Person_name')#名字排序
    for p in Person_name:
        print(p.Person_name,p.Person_pwd)
        if p.Person_name==P_name and p.Person_pwd==P_pwd:
            return 1
    return 0

写登录函数

def Person_login(request):
    if request.method =='POST':
        print('post方法')
        P_form=forms.LoginForm(request.POST)#表单数据
        print('表单数据获取成功')
        if P_form.is_valid():#数据是否合法
            print('数据合法')
            cd=P_form.cleaned_data
            P_name=cd['username']
            P_pwd=cd['password']
            print(P_name,P_pwd)
            user=Find_Person(P_name,P_pwd)#对比数据
            if user:
                return HttpResponse("登录成功")
            else:
                return HttpResponse("没有该用户")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("数据不合法")
    else:
        P_form=forms.LoginForm()
        print('不是post方法')
    return render(request,'adminpage/login.html',{
   
   'form':P_form})

借用django的登陆界面仿写login.html
还有css这里就不一一展示了，django框架里面都有


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en-us" >
<head>
<title>Log in | Django site admin</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/base.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/login.css">
    <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=no, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/responsive.css">
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
</head>
<body class=" login"
  data-admin-utc-offset="0">
<!-- Container -->
<div id="container">
    <!-- Header -->
    <div id="header">
        <div id="branding">
<h1 id="site-name"><a href="/admin/">模型交易平台用户登录</a></h1>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- END Header -->
    <!-- Content -->
    <div id="content" class="colM">
<div id="content-main">
<form action="/demo/login/" method="post" id="login-form"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="u7XrpxUTWRgYFbI2hvlKzrb1NCqReMg38ciAfTLuF38EqLK5Xa2JiLWlFNgFozQG">
    {
   
   % csrf_token %}
  <div class="form-row">
    <label class="required" for="id_username">用户名:</label> <input type="text" name="username" autofocus required id="id_username">
  </div>
  <div class="form-row">

    <label class="required" for="id_password">密码:</label> <input type="password" name="password" required id="id_password">
    <input type="hidden" name="next" value="/admin/">
  </div>
  <div class="submit-row">
    <label>&nbsp;</label><input type="submit" value="登录">
  </div>
</form>
</div>
        <br class="clear">
    </div>
    <!-- END Content -->
    <div id="footer"></div>
</div>
<!-- END Container -->
</body>
</html>

测试匹配路径urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from demo00 import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('',views.index,name='demo'),
    path('login/',views.Person_login,name='Person_longin'),
    path('register/',views.Person_register,name='register'),
]

ok,进入http://127.0.0.1:8000/demo/login/

点击登录，登录成功

ok,没问题！
接下来在forms.py写一个注册用户模型的RegisterForm
这个引用ModelForm
还要注意一个细节因为注册用户时候有些信息没必要填写，需要排除属性可以使用exclude列表
也可以使用fields元组，这里我使用fields元组

#用户注册填写所有信息 ModelForm
class RegisterForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model=Person#表单数据写入models的Person
        fields=("Person_name","Person_id","Person_image","Person_pwd")#不必在表单中向数据模型的字段赋值，也可用exclude列表
        #意思就是注册用户名、账号、头像、密码这几个数据，其他的默认空

在views.py写注册Person函数

def Person_register(request):
    if request.method=='POST':
        print('post方法')
        Person_form=forms.RegisterForm(request.POST)#html数据提交到表单数据
        print(Person_form)
        if Person_form.is_valid():
            print('数据合法')
            new_Person=Person_form.save()#保存到数据库,默认无评论和vip,未充值
            new_Person.save()
            return HttpResponse('注册成功')
        else:
            print('不合法数据')
            return HttpResponse('不能注册')
    else:
        Person_form = forms.RegisterForm()  # html数据提交到表单数据
        print('get方法')
    return render(request,'adminpage/register.html',{
   
   'form':Person_form})

运行打印一下，目的是查看它与html对应的标签

ok，提取出来

<tr><th><label for="id_Person_name">Person name:</label></th><td><input type="text" name="Person_name" maxlength="8" id="id_Person_name"></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_Person_id">Person id:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="Person_id" maxlength="8" required id="id_Person_id"></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_Person_image">Person image:</label></th><td><input type="file" name="Person_image" accept="image/*" id="id_Person_image"></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_password1">Password:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="password" name="password1" required id="id_password1"></td></tr>
<tr><th><label for="id_password2">Confirm Password:</label></th><td><ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="password" name="password2" required id="id_password2"></td></tr>

接下来写到注册的html里面register.html



<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en-us" >
<head>
<title>模型交易平台注册登录</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/base.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/login.css">
    <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=no, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/admin/css/responsive.css">
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
</head>
<body class=" login"
  data-admin-utc-offset="0">
<!-- Container -->
<div id="container">
    <!-- Header -->
    <div id="header">
        <div id="branding">
<h1 id="site-name"><a href="/admin/">模型交易平台用户注册</a></h1>
        </div>
    </div>
    <!-- END Header -->
    <!-- Content -->
    <div id="content" class="colM">
<div id="content-main">
<form action="/demo/register/" method="post" id="login-form"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="u7XrpxUTWRgYFbI2hvlKzrb1NCqReMg38ciAfTLuF38EqLK5Xa2JiLWlFNgFozQG">
    {
   
   % csrf_token %}
      <div class="form-row">
          <label class="required" for="id_Person_name">Person name:</label><ul class="errorlist">用户名</ul><input type="text" name="Person_name" maxlength="8" id="id_Person_name">
      </div>

    <div class="form-row">
        <label class="required" for="id_Person_id">Person id:</label><ul class="errorlist">账号</ul><input type="text" name="Person_id" maxlength="8" required id="id_Person_id">
    </div>

    <div class="form-row">
    <label class="required" for="id_Person_image">Person image:</label><ul class="errorlist">头像</ul><input type="file" name="Person_image" accept="image/*" id="id_Person_image">
    </div>

    <div class="form-row">
        <label class="required" for="id_Person_pwd">Password:</label><ul class="errorlist"><li>密码</li></ul><input type="password" name="Person_pwd" required id="id_password1">
    </div>

{
   
   #    <div class="form-row">#}
{
   
   #        <label class="required" for="id_password2">Confirm Password:</label><ul class="errorlist"><li>再次输入密码</li></ul><input type="password" name="password2" required id="id_password2">#}
{
   
   #        </div>#}

  <div class="submit-row">
    <label>&nbsp;</label><input type="submit" value="注册">
  </div>
</form>
</div>
        <br class="clear">
    </div>
    <!-- END Content -->
    <div id="footer"></div>
</div>
<!-- END Container -->
</body>
</html>