stp的基础配置
原理
1）BPDU bridge protocol data unit 桥协议数据单元
运行了生成树协议的交换机彼此之间用来交流生成树信息的数据包
类型：
配置BPDU :详细介绍生成树的基本信息 拓扑变更BPDU：把生成树的变化信息告诉别的交换机
内容：
根网桥的网桥ID、自己的网桥ID、到根网桥的成本、端口ID
2）stp端口状态
生成树选举需要一定的时间和过程：stp收敛
收敛：设备从不稳定到稳定的过程
禁用 disabled 强制关闭 阻塞 blocking 不能转发数据帧，可以接收BPDU; 侦听 listening 不能转发数据帧，可以发送和接收BPDU; 学习 leraning 构建 MAC地址表 转发 forwarding 转发数据帧
3）STP计时器
hello时间：2s,交换机发送BPDU的频率和周期
max-age(最大老化时间)：20s, 表示的是交换机的接口如果在指定时间没有接收到
BPDU的更新，那就把原来BPDU信息删除;
forward-relay(转发延迟)：15s
侦听---->学习 15s 学习---->转发 15s
拓扑图
配置命令
sw1
<Huawei>sys [Huawei]sys [Huawei]sysname sw1 [sw1]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-ccf6-5fa1 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 200000 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-ccf6-5fa1 / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.1 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :5 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:31m:2s Number of TC :3 [sw1]stp mode stp Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [sw1]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-ccf6-5fa1 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 200000 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-ccf6-5fa1 / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.1 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :5 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:31m:34s Number of TC :3 Last TC occurred :Ethernet0/0/1 [sw1]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet0/0/1 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/2 ALTE DISCARDING NONE [sw1]quit <sw1>display bridge mac-address System bridge MAC address: 4c1f-ccf6-5fa1 <sw1>
sw2
<Huawei>u t m <Huawei>sys [Huawei]sys [Huawei]sysname sw2 [sw2]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 0 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :5 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:31m:4s Number of TC :5 Last TC occurred :Ethernet0/0/3 ----[Port1(Ethernet0/0/1)][FORWARDING]---- Port Protocol :Enabled [sw2]stp mode stp Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [sw2]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 0 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :5 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal [sw2]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet0/0/1 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/3 DESI FORWARDING NONE [sw2]display bridge mac-address System bridge MAC address: 4c1f-cc14-43f4 [sw2]
sw3
<Huawei>sys [Huawei]sysname sw3 [sw3]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode MSTP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc96-3d85 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 200000 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc96-3d85 / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.3 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :2 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:31m:4s Number of TC :4 Last TC occurred :Ethernet0/0/2 [sw3]stp mode stp Info: This operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment...done. [sw3]dis stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :32768.4c1f-cc96-3d85 Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 CIST Root/ERPC :32768.4c1f-cc14-43f4 / 200000 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :32768.4c1f-cc96-3d85 / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.3 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :3 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal <sw3>display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet0/0/2 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/3 ROOT FORWARDING NONE <sw3>display <sw3>display br <sw3>display bridge mac <sw3>display bridge mac-address System bridge MAC address: 4c1f-cc96-3d85 <sw3>
