使用rpm包在Linux上安装Oracle软件和创建数据库

[oracle@oracleace ~]$ yum search preinstallLoaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo========================================================================== N/S matched: preinstall ==========================================================================oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 : Oracle Database Preinstallation RPMoracle-database-preinstall-21c.x86_64 : Oracle Database Preinstallation RPMoracle-database-preinstall-18c.x86_64 : Sets the system for Oracle Database single instance and Real Application Cluster install for Oracle Linux 7oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall.x86_64 : Sets the system for Oracle Database single instance and Real Application Cluster install for Oracle Linux 7oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 : Sets the system for Oracle single instance and Real Application Cluster install for Oracle Linux 7oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.x86_64 : Sets the system for Oracle Database single instance and Real Application Cluster install for Oracle Linux 7
  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
可以看到各个版本的预安装包都有！安装：[oracle@oracleace ~]$ sudo Resolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-3.el7.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-143.0.1.el7_9 will be installed---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.8.5-44.0.3.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                               Arch                          Version                                         Repository                         Size=============================================================================================================================================================================Installing: oracle-database-preinstall-19c                        x86_64                        1.0-3.el7                                       ol7_latest                         27 kInstalling for dependencies: compat-libcap1                                        x86_64                        1.10-7.el7                                      ol7_latest                         17 k ksh                                                   x86_64                        20120801-143.0.1.el7_9                          ol7_latest                        882 k libaio-devel                                          x86_64                        0.3.109-13.el7                                  ol7_latest                         12 k libstdc++-devel                                       x86_64                        4.8.5-44.0.3.el7                                ol7_latest                        1.5 M
Transaction Summary=============================================================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package (+4 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 2.4 MInstalled size: 11 MIs this ok [y/d/N]: y...

[oracle@oracleace ~]$ sudo cat /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33/orakernel.log Adding group oinstall with gid 54321Adding group dba with gid 54322Adding group oper with gid 54323Adding group backupdba with gid 54324Adding group dgdba with gid 54325Adding group kmdba with gid 54326Adding group racdba with gid 54330User oracle - Already exists. Not creating or modifying.User creation passed 
Saving a copy of the initial sysctl.confVerifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...Trying to remove instances of  - setting for fs.file-max isAdding fs.file-max = 6815744 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.sem isAdding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmmni isAdding kernel.shmmni = 4096 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmall isAdding kernel.shmall = 1073741824 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.shmmax isAdding kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for kernel.panic_on_oops isAdding kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.rmem_default isAdding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.rmem_max isAdding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.wmem_default isAdding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.core.wmem_max isAdding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter isAdding net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter isAdding net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for fs.aio-max-nr isAdding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 Trying to remove instances of  - setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range isAdding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...Altered file /etc/sysctl.confSaved a copy of the current file in /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-preinstall-19c-sysctl.confCheck /etc/sysctl.d for backupsVerification & setting of kernel parameters passed 
Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf
Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...Adding oracle soft nofile  1024Adding oracle hard nofile  65536Adding oracle soft nproc  16384Adding oracle hard nproc  16384Adding oracle soft stack  10240Adding oracle hard stack  32768Adding oracle hard memlock  134217728Adding oracle soft memlock  134217728Adding oracle soft data  unlimitedAdding oracle hard data  unlimitedSetting oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...Altered file /etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.confOriginal file backed up at /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33Verification & setting of user limits passed 
Saving a copy of /etc/default/grub file in /etc/default/grub-initial.orabackupSaving a copy of /etc/default/grub in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33...Verifying kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...old boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet"new boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"
Setting boot params - Checking for blscfgold boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off"new boot params: "crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=ol/root rd.lvm.lv=ol/swap rhgb quiet numa=off transparent_hugepage=never"
Setting boot params - Checking for blscfgSetting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...G_DIR=/boot/grub2Default Kernel -> /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64Running Kernel -> 5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64Saving a copy of grubenv... in /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33Running grub2-mkconfigGenerating grub configuration file ...File descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 7285: /usr/sbin/grub2-probeFile descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 7285: /usr/sbin/grub2-probeFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64.imgFound linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-0696bdff66c4694994d57a3c32cd030bFound initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-0696bdff66c4694994d57a3c32cd030b.imgFile descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 7581: /usr/sbin/grub2-probeFile descriptor 199 (/run/lock/subsys/oracle-preinstall.lock) leaked on vgs invocation. Parent PID 7581: /usr/sbin/grub2-probedoneSetting the default back to /boot/vmlinuz-5.4.17-2102.201.3.el7uek.x86_64Boot parameters will be effected on next rebootAltered file /etc/default/grubCopy of the changed file is in - /etc/default/grub-oracle-database-preinstall-19c.orabackupCopy of the original file is in - /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33Verification & setting of boot parameters passed 
Trying to add NOZEROCONF parameter...Taking a backup of existing file to /etc/sysconfig/network.orabackupSuccessfully added parameter NOZEROCONF to /etc/sysconfig/networkSetting /etc/sysconfig/network parameters passed 
Disabling Transparent Hugepages. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Disabling defrag. Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1
Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-database-preinstall-19c/backup/Mar-18-2022-15-43-33

[root@oracleace ~]# yum install /media/sf_oracle/19c/oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfoExamining /media/sf_oracle/19c/oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm: oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64Marking /media/sf_oracle/19c/oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm to be installedResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1 will be installed--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================================================= Package                                       Arch                          Version                       Repository                                                   Size=============================================================================================================================================================================Installing: oracle-database-ee-19c                        x86_64                        1.0-1                         /oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                        6.9 G
Transaction Summary=============================================================================================================================================================================Install  1 Package
Total size: 6.9 GInstalled size: 6.9 GIs this ok [y/d/N]: Downloading packages:Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  Installing : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                       1/1 [INFO] Executing post installation scripts...[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.To configure a sample Oracle Database you can execute the following service configuration script as root: /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configure  Verifying  : oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64                                                                                                                       1/1 
Installed:  oracle-database-ee-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1                                                                                                                                      
Complete!

[oracle@oracleace ~]$ cat /var/log/oracle-database-ee-19c/results/oraInstall.log [INFO] Starting the installation process of the Oracle Database...03/18/2022-04:14:01 PM[INFO] Registering Oracle home to the Oracle inventory...[INFO] Oracle home registered to the Oracle inventory.[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...[INFO] Setting up inventory as it has not been setup on this machine.[INFO] Configuring ADR directories...[INFO] ADR directories configured.[INFO] Post installation scripts executed successfully.[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.

$ cat /etc/sysconfig/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c.conf|grep -v '^#'| grep -v '^$'LISTENER_PORT=1521ORACLE_DATA_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/oradataEM_EXPRESS_PORT=5500
创建数据库的例子如下：[root@oracleace ~]#  /etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c configureConfiguring Oracle Database ORCLCDB.Prepare for db operation8% completeCopying database files31% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance...Completing Database Creation51% complete54% completeCreating Pluggable Databases58% complete77% completeExecuting Post Configuration Actions100% completeDatabase creation complete. For details check the logfiles at: /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB.Database Information:Global Database Name:ORCLCDBSystem Identifier(SID):ORCLCDBLook at the log file "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCLCDB/ORCLCDB.log" for further details.
Database configuration completed successfully. The passwords were auto generated, you must change them by connecting to the database using 'sqlplus / as sysdba' as the oracle user.

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/binexport ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB

ORACLE_BASE是oracle 的根目录， ORACLE_BASE下是admin audit diag oradata product oraInventory目录。

[oracle@oracleace ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 18-MAR-2022 17:11:34
Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracleace.yaoyuan)(PORT=1521)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionStart Date                18-MAR-2022 16:27:47Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 43 min. 46 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracleace/listener/alert/log.xmlListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracleace.yaoyuan)(PORT=1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=oracleace.yaoyuan)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/opt/oracle/admin/ORCLCDB/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))Services Summary...Service "ORCLCDB" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLCDBXDB" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "da7b2dec479e3bd6e0557c13a9d15dd1" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "orclpdb1" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "ORCLCDB", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully

[oracle@oracleace ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Mar 18 17:11:59 2022Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - ProductionVersion 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> show pdbs;
    CON_ID CON_NAME        OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------   2 PDB$SEED        READ ONLY  NO   3 ORCLPDB1        READ WRITE NOSQL> alter user sys identified by yaoyuan;
User altered.
SQL>