前言
本章将会使用Python实现动态的爱心效果
一.所用库
1.random简介
random库是用于产生并运用随机数的标准库。Python中的主要使用是让其掌握在程序中运用随机数的能力。
random常见随机函数有9个:seed()、random()、randint()、getrandbits()、randrange()uniform()、choice()、shuffle()、sample().
2.math 简介
math 库是 Python 提供的内置数学类函数库，因为复数类型常用于科学计算，一般计算并不常用，因此 math 库不支持复数类型，仅支持整数和浮点数运算。math 库一共提供了 4 个数学常数和 44 个函数。44 个函数分为 4 类，包括 16 个数值表示函数、8 个幂对数函数、16 个三角对数函数和 4 个高等特殊函数。
3.tkinter库的简介
Tkinter 是 Python 自带的图形界面库，库中包含众多图形界面控件，包括 Lable 标签、Button按钮、Radiobutton单选框、Checkbutton复选框、Entry文本框等。借助 Tkinter 库中的各种图形界面控件，我们就可以设计出实用的图形界面程序。
二.实际图
三.代码部分
1.调用库
1. import random 2. from math import sin, cos, pi, log 3. from tkinter import
2.调整画布
CANVAS_WIDTH = 640#画布的宽 CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480#画布的宽 CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 HEART_COLOR = "#FFC0CB" #ff2121 #引号内修改颜色
3.爱心生成
def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE): x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3) y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t)) x *= shrink_ratio y *= shrink_ratio x += CANVAS_CENTER_X y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y return int(x), int(y)
4.随机内部扩散
def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15): ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random()) ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random()) dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy
5.抖动
def shrink(x, y, ratio): force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) # 这个参数... dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy
6.自定义曲线函数，调整跳动周期
1. def curve(p): 2. 3. return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi)
7.爱心类
class Heart: def __init__(self, generate_frame=20): self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合 self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合 self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合 self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标 self.build(2000) self.random_halo = 1000 self.generate_frame = generate_frame for frame in range(generate_frame): self.calc(frame) def build(self, number): for _ in range(number): t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t) self._points.add((x, y)) for _x, _y in list(self._points): for _ in range(3): x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05) self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y)) point_list = list(self._points) for _ in range(4000): x, y = random.choice(point_list) x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17) self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y))
8.@classmethod 装饰的类方法
@staticmethod def calc_position(x, y, ratio): force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520) # 魔法参数 dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1) return x - dx, y - dy def calc(self, generate_frame): ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例 halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi))) halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2)) all_points = [] heart_halo_point = set() for _ in range(halo_number): t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6) x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius) if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point: heart_halo_point.add((x, y)) x += random.randint(-14, 14) y += random.randint(-14, 14) size = random.choice((1, 2, 2)) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 3) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame): for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]: render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR) def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0): render_canvas.delete('all') render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame) main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1) if __name__ == '__main__': root = Tk() # 一个Tk canvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH) canvas.pack() heart = Heart() draw(root, canvas, heart) root.mainloop()
四.全部源代码
import random from math import sin, cos, pi, log from tkinter import * CANVAS_WIDTH = 640 CANVAS_HEIGHT = 480 CANVAS_CENTER_X = CANVAS_WIDTH / 2 CANVAS_CENTER_Y = CANVAS_HEIGHT / 2 IMAGE_ENLARGE = 11 HEART_COLOR = "#FFC0CB" #ff2121 def heart_function(t, shrink_ratio: float = IMAGE_ENLARGE): x = 16 * (sin(t) ** 3) y = -(13 * cos(t) - 5 * cos(2 * t) - 2 * cos(3 * t) - cos(4 * t)) x *= shrink_ratio y *= shrink_ratio x += CANVAS_CENTER_X y += CANVAS_CENTER_Y return int(x), int(y) def scatter_inside(x, y, beta=0.15): ratio_x = - beta * log(random.random()) ratio_y = - beta * log(random.random()) dx = ratio_x * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio_y * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy def shrink(x, y, ratio): force = -1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.6) # 这个参数... dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) return x - dx, y - dy def curve(p): return 2 * (2 * sin(4 * p)) / (2 * pi) class Heart: def __init__(self, generate_frame=20): self._points = set() # 原始爱心坐标集合 self._edge_diffusion_points = set() # 边缘扩散效果点坐标集合 self._center_diffusion_points = set() # 中心扩散效果点坐标集合 self.all_points = {} # 每帧动态点坐标 self.build(2000) self.random_halo = 1000 self.generate_frame = generate_frame for frame in range(generate_frame): self.calc(frame) def build(self, number): for _ in range(number): t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t) self._points.add((x, y)) for _x, _y in list(self._points): for _ in range(3): x, y = scatter_inside(_x, _y, 0.05) self._edge_diffusion_points.add((x, y)) point_list = list(self._points) for _ in range(4000): x, y = random.choice(point_list) x, y = scatter_inside(x, y, 0.17) self._center_diffusion_points.add((x, y)) @staticmethod def calc_position(x, y, ratio): force = 1 / (((x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) ** 2 + (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) ** 2) ** 0.520) # 魔法参数 dx = ratio * force * (x - CANVAS_CENTER_X) + random.randint(-1, 1) dy = ratio * force * (y - CANVAS_CENTER_Y) + random.randint(-1, 1) return x - dx, y - dy def calc(self, generate_frame): ratio = 10 * curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) # 圆滑的周期的缩放比例 halo_radius = int(4 + 6 * (1 + curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi))) halo_number = int(3000 + 4000 * abs(curve(generate_frame / 10 * pi) ** 2)) all_points = [] heart_halo_point = set() for _ in range(halo_number): t = random.uniform(0, 2 * pi) x, y = heart_function(t, shrink_ratio=11.6) x, y = shrink(x, y, halo_radius) if (x, y) not in heart_halo_point: heart_halo_point.add((x, y)) x += random.randint(-14, 14) y += random.randint(-14, 14) size = random.choice((1, 2, 2)) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 3) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._edge_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) for x, y in self._center_diffusion_points: x, y = self.calc_position(x, y, ratio) size = random.randint(1, 2) all_points.append((x, y, size)) self.all_points[generate_frame] = all_points def render(self, render_canvas, render_frame): for x, y, size in self.all_points[render_frame % self.generate_frame]: render_canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + size, y + size, width=0, fill=HEART_COLOR) def draw(main: Tk, render_canvas: Canvas, render_heart: Heart, render_frame=0): render_canvas.delete('all') render_heart.render(render_canvas, render_frame) main.after(160, draw, main, render_canvas, render_heart, render_frame + 1) if __name__ == '__main__': root = Tk() # 一个Tk canvas = Canvas(root, bg='black', height=CANVAS_HEIGHT, width=CANVAS_WIDTH) canvas.pack() heart = Heart() draw(root, canvas, heart) root.mainloop()
