Pre
接下来,我们聊一聊Git的分支管理
使用分支意味着可以从开发主线上分离开来,然后在不影响主线的同时继续工作。
常用命令
#查看当前分支 git branch [-avv] #基于当前分支新建分支 git branch <branch name> #基于提交新建分支 git branch <branch name> <commit id> $ git branch -d {dev} #切换分支 git checkout <branch name> #合并分支 git merge <merge target> #解决冲突,如果因冲突导致自动合并失败,此时 status 为mergeing 状态. #需要手动修改后重新提交(commit)
为什么需要分支
查看分支信息
大家先拆下,你本地的工程有几个分支 ?????
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ pwd /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch # 查看本地分支 * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv # 查看所有分支 包含远程分支 ,可以看到 版本号一致 * master 5e6d25b [origin/master] 第二次提交 remotes/origin/master 5e6d25b 第二次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ echo '第三次提交' >> README.MF # 修改本地文件 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv # 查看所有分支 包含远程分支 ,因为修改未提交,可以看到 版本号还是一致 * master 5e6d25b [origin/master] 第二次提交 remotes/origin/master 5e6d25b 第二次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git status On branch master Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'. Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: README.MF no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git commit -am '第三次提交' # 提交本地修改 到 local repository warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.MF. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory [master 2d23d8a] 绗笁娆℃彁浜? 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv # 查看所有分支 包含远程分支 本地已修改提交到本地仓库,所以和远端的仓库版本号出现了不一致 * master 2d23d8a [origin/master: ahead 1] 第三次提交 remotes/origin/master 5e6d25b 第二次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git checkout remotes/origin/master # 切换到远程分支 Note: switching to 'remotes/origin/master'. You are in 'detached HEAD' state. You can look around, make experimental changes and commit them, and you can discard any commits you make in this state without impacting any branches by switching back to a branch. If you want to create a new branch to retain commits you create, you may do so (now or later) by using -c with the switch command. Example: git switch -c <new-branch-name> Or undo this operation with: git switch - Turn off this advice by setting config variable advice.detachedHead to false HEAD is now at 5e6d25b 绗簩娆℃彁浜? artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject ((5e6d25b...)) $ cat README.MF # 查看远程分支的文件内容 ,可以看到和本地不一致 artisan git demo new modify content artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject ((5e6d25b...)) $ artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject ((5e6d25b...)) $ git checkout master # 切换到本地master分支 Previous HEAD position was 5e6d25b 绗簩娆℃彁浜?Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 1 commit. (use "git push" to publish your local commits) artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ cat README.MF # 查看本地master分支的文件内容 ,可以看到和远端不一致 artisan git demo new modify content 第三次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git push # 提交到Git Remote Enumerating objects: 5, done. Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done. Delta compression using up to 12 threads Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 319 bytes | 319.00 KiB/s, done. Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0 remote: Powered by GITEE.COM [GNK-6.4] To https://gitee.com/yangshangwei/gitProject.git 5e6d25b..2d23d8a master -> master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv # 再此查看所有分支,发现经过push后又一致了。 * master 2d23d8a [origin/master] 第三次提交 remotes/origin/master 2d23d8a 第三次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $
总结一下: -
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ echo 'four ' >> README.MF # 修改本地文件 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git commit -am '第四次提交' # 提交到本地 local repository warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in README.MF. The file will have its original line endings in your working directory [master 9f302ff] 绗洓娆℃彁浜? 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch # 查看当前分支 * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -av # 查看所有分支 * master 9f302ff [ahead 1] 第四次提交 remotes/origin/master 2d23d8a 第三次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv # 查看所有分支 详细信息 关联信息 master 关联origin/master * master 9f302ff [origin/master: ahead 1] 第四次提交 remotes/origin/master 2d23d8a 第三次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $
创建分支
- 基于当前分支,创建一个新分支
- 基于远程分支,创建一个新分支
- 基于一个提交,创建一个新分支
- 基于Tag ,创建一个新分支
本质上所有的新分支的常见都是 基于提交点来创建的。
基于当前分支,创建一个新分支
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch dev master # 根据master分支 创建dev 分支 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -av # 查看所有分支 dev 9f302ff 第四次提交 * master 9f302ff 第四次提交 remotes/origin/master 9f302ff 第四次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch dev * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -a dev * master remotes/origin/master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -avv dev 9f302ff 第四次提交 * master 9f302ff [origin/master] 第四次提交 remotes/origin/master 9f302ff 第四次提交
基于远程分支,创建一个新分支
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch baseRemote remotes/origin/master # 基于远程分支 remotes/origin/maste 创建一个分支 baseRemote Branch 'baseRemote' set up to track remote branch 'master' from 'origin'. artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch baseRemote dev * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $
基于一个提交,创建一个新分支
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git log commit 9f302ffcd77e703b02e9d185d085484f1e298c0a (HEAD -> master, origin/master, dev, baseRemote) Author: yangshangwei <yswcomeon@gmail.com> Date: Mon Aug 15 00:34:03 2022 +0800 第四次提交 commit 2d23d8a4a8b9f79f893ce7ef594624929b57d31c Author: yangshangwei <yswcomeon@gmail.com> Date: Mon Aug 15 00:24:25 2022 +0800 第三次提交 commit 5e6d25b9e0f1bae23ce98facecf79ad4e97df174 Author: yangshangwei <yswcomeon@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 14 23:55:34 2022 +0800 第二次提交 commit 4ac59bd9186592662350d23f1cdfbe5c4f21f329 Author: yangshangwei <yswcomeon@gmail.com> Date: Sun Aug 14 23:02:58 2022 +0800 init commit artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch baseOnCommit 4ac59bd9186592662350d23f1cdfbe5c4f21f329 # 基于第一次提交创建一个分支 baseOnCommit artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -av baseOnCommit 4ac59bd init commit baseRemote 9f302ff 第四次提交 dev 9f302ff 第四次提交 * master 9f302ff 第四次提交 remotes/origin/master 9f302ff 第四次提交 artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master)
基于Tag ,创建一个新分支
删除分支 git branch -d
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch baseOnCommit baseRemote dev * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -d baseOnCommit # 删除1个 Deleted branch baseOnCommit (was 4ac59bd). artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch baseRemote dev * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch -d baseRemote dev # 删除多个 Deleted branch baseRemote (was 9f302ff). Deleted branch dev (was 9f302ff). artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch * master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $
切换分支 git checkout
artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git branch dev master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (master) $ git checkout dev Switched to branch 'dev' artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (dev) $ git branch * dev master artisan@LAPTOP-JF3RBRRJ MINGW64 /d/opt/gitdemo/gitProject (dev) $
注意看前面的 * 号