概述
众所周知,Spring 的事务管理器是通过线程相关的 ThreadLocal 来保存数据访问基础设施,再结合 IOC 和 AOP 实现高级声明式事务的功能,所以 Spring 的事务天然地和线程有着千丝万缕的联系。
我们知道 Web 容器本身就是多线程的,Web 容器为一个 Http 请求创建一个独立的线程,所以由此请求所牵涉到的 Spring 容器中的 Bean 也是运行于多线程的环境下。在绝大多数情况下,Spring 的 Bean 都是单实例的(singleton),单实例 Bean 的最大的好处是线程无关性,不存在多线程并发访问的问题,也即是线程安全的。
一个类能够以单实例的方式运行的前提是“无状态”:即一个类不能拥有状态化的成员变量。在传统的编程中,DAO 必须执有一个 Connection,而 Connection 即是状态化的对象。所以传统的 DAO 不能做成单实例的,每次要用时都必须 new 一个新的实例。传统的 Service 由于将有状态的 DAO 作为成员变量,所以传统的 Service 本身也是有状态的。
但是在 Spring 中,DAO 和 Service 都以单实例的方式存在。Spring 是通过 ThreadLocal 将有状态的变量(如 Connection 等)本地线程化,达到另一个层面上的“线程无关”,从而实现线程安全。Spring 不遗余力地将状态化的对象无状态化,就是要达到单实例化 Bean 的目的。
由于 Spring 已经通过 ThreadLocal 将 Bean 无状态化,所以 Spring 中单实例 Bean 对线程安全问题拥有了一种天生的免疫能力。不但单实例的 Service 可以成功运行于多线程环境中,Service 本身还可以自由地启动独立线程以执行其它的 Service。
示例:启动独立线程调用事务方法
我们在MulitThreadService.java 在事务方法中启动独立线程运行另一个事务方法
配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"> <!-- 扫描类包,将标注Spring注解的类自动转化Bean,同时完成Bean的注入 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans" /> <!-- 使用context命名空间,引入数据库的properties文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:spring/jdbc.properties" /> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}" p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}"/> <!-- 配置Jdbc模板 --> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" /> <!--基于数据源的事务管理器,通过属性引用数据源 可以使用dataSource-ref引用不同的数据源,我们这里只展示同一个--> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <!-- 切点 --> <aop:pointcut id="serviceMethod" expression="within(com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.MulitThreadBaseService+)" /> <!-- 切面 --> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" advice-ref="txAdvice" order="0" /> </aop:config> <!-- 事务增强 --> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="*"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> </beans>
验证代码
package com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.domain.Student; /** * * * @ClassName: MulitThreadService * * @Description: 继承抽象基类MulitThreadBaseService * * @author: Mr.Yang * * @date: 2017年9月26日 下午4:44:18 */ @Service public class MulitThreadService extends MulitThreadBaseService { private AnotherService anotherService; private StudentService studentService; @Autowired public void setStudentService(StudentService studentService) { this.studentService = studentService; } @Autowired public void setAnotherService(AnotherService anotherService) { this.anotherService = anotherService; } /** * * * @Title: executeLogic * * @Description: (1)在executeLogic方法体中启动一个独立的线程, * 在该独立的线程中执行AnotherService#doAnotherThing ()方法 * * * @return: void */ public void executeLogic() { System.out.println("logon method..."); // 调用本类的其他方法 method1(); // 调用其他类的方法,在同一个线程中调用anotherService#doAnotherThing(),将运行在同一个事务中 anotherService.doAnotherThing(); // 在一个新的线程中调用anotherService#doAnotherThing(),将启动一个新的事务 // 注意: 这里需要使用 extend Thread的方式 ,通过implements Runnable ,经验证不会开启新的事务 new MyThread().start(); // 必须休眠几秒,否则执行不到 新线程中的 方法 try { Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // new MyThread1().run(); 这个会加到存在的事务中,原因暂时未知 } public void method1() { System.out.println("method1 begins"); System.out.println("模拟执行jdbc操作"); System.out.println("method1 finish"); } /** * * * @ClassName: MyThread * * @Description: 负责执行AnotherService#doAnotherThing()的线程 * * @author: Mr.Yang * * @date: 2017年9月26日 下午4:50:29 */ class MyThread extends Thread { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before studentService.updateSutdent method..." + anotherService.getClass().getName()); // anotherService.doAnotherThing(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName("1XXX"); student.setAge(112); student.setSex("1B"); student.setStudentId(1); studentService.updateSutdent(student); System.out.println("after studentService.updateSutdent method..."); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } class MyThread1 implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { System.out.println("before studentService.updateSutdent method..." + anotherService.getClass().getName()); // anotherService.doAnotherThing(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName("XXX"); student.setAge(12); student.setSex("B"); student.setStudentId(1); studentService.updateSutdent(student); System.out.println("after studentService.updateSutdent method..." + anotherService.getClass().getName()); } } }
单元测试
package com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MulitThreadServiceTest { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = null; MulitThreadService mulitThreadService = null; @Before public void initContext() { // 启动Spring 容器 ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "classpath:com/xgj/dao/transaction/multiThreadinTrans/conf_multiThreadTx.xml"); mulitThreadService = ctx.getBean("mulitThreadService", MulitThreadService.class); System.out.println("initContext successfully"); } @Test public void testNestedCallInOneTransaction() { mulitThreadService.executeLogic(); } @After public void closeContext() { if (ctx != null) { ctx.close(); } System.out.println("close context successfully"); } }
关键日志分析
2017-09-26 18:17:25,890 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:367) - Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.MulitThreadService.executeLogic]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT 2017-09-26 18:17:26,243 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:248) - Acquired Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] for JDBC transaction 2017-09-26 18:17:26,248 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:265) - Switching JDBC Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] to manual commit logon method... method1 begins 模拟执行jdbc操作 method1 finish 2017-09-26 18:17:26,291 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:476) - Participating in existing transaction AnotherService#doAnotherThing executed before studentService.updateSutdent method...com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.AnotherService$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$1f0e2630 2017-09-26 18:17:26,311 DEBUG [Thread-1] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:367) - Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.StudentService.updateSutdent]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT 2017-09-26 18:17:26,375 DEBUG [Thread-1] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:248) - Acquired Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] for JDBC transaction 2017-09-26 18:17:26,375 DEBUG [Thread-1] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:265) - Switching JDBC Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] to manual commit 2017-09-26 18:17:26,393 DEBUG [Thread-1] (JdbcTemplate.java:869) - Executing prepared SQL update 2017-09-26 18:17:26,394 DEBUG [Thread-1] (JdbcTemplate.java:616) - Executing prepared SQL statement [update student set name = ? ,age = ? ,sex = ? where id = ?] 2017-09-26 18:17:26,535 DEBUG [Thread-1] (JdbcTemplate.java:879) - SQL update affected 1 rows 2017-09-26 18:17:26,541 INFO [Thread-1] (StudentDaoImpl.java:80) - updateStudent successfully 2017-09-26 18:17:26,542 DEBUG [Thread-1] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:759) - Initiating transaction commit 2017-09-26 18:17:26,542 DEBUG [Thread-1] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:310) - Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] 2017-09-26 18:17:26,552 DEBUG [Thread-1] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:368) - Releasing JDBC Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] after transaction 2017-09-26 18:17:26,552 DEBUG [Thread-1] (DataSourceUtils.java:327) - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource after studentService.updateSutdent method... 2017-09-26 18:17:31,311 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:759) - Initiating transaction commit 2017-09-26 18:17:31,311 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:310) - Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] 2017-09-26 18:17:31,313 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceTransactionManager.java:368) - Releasing JDBC Connection [jdbc:oracle:thin:@172.25.246.11:1521:testbed, UserName=CC, Oracle JDBC driver] after transaction 2017-09-26 18:17:31,313 DEBUG [main] (DataSourceUtils.java:327) - Returning JDBC Connection to DataSource
日志分析
Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.MulitThreadService.executeLogic]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT
执行executeLogic前,Spring开启了一个新的事务,
然后执行了
logon method... method1 begins 模拟执行jdbc操作 method1 finish
我们在代码中调用
// 调用其他类的方法,在同一个线程中调用anotherService#doAnotherThing(),将运行在同一个事务中 anotherService.doAnotherThing();
日志显示,加入了现有的这个事务中
2017-09-26 18:17:26,291 DEBUG [main] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:476) - Participating in existing transaction AnotherService#doAnotherThing executed before studentService.updateSutdent method...com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThre
然后 Initiating transaction commit 提交了当前的事务
紧接着,我们开启了一个新的线程
new MyThread().start();
日志显示,Spring开启了一个新的线程
before studentService.updateSutdent method...com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.AnotherService$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$1f0e2630 2017-09-26 18:17:26,311 DEBUG [Thread-1] (AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:367) - Creating new transaction with name [com.xgj.dao.transaction.multiThreadinTrans.service.StudentService.updateSutdent]: PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,ISOLATION_DEFAULT
执行结束后,提交新开启的这个事务
Initiating transaction commit
结论
在相同线程中进行相互嵌套调用的事务方法工作于相同的事务中。如果这些相互嵌套调用的方法工作在不同的线程中,不同线程下的事务方法工作在独立的事务中。
示例源码
代码已托管到Github—> https://github.com/yangshangwei/SpringMaster