本指南将引导您完成在CentOS 7 / CentOS 8 Linux服务器上安装PostgreSQL 12的步骤。PostgreSQL是一个基于POSTGRES 4.2的对象关系数据库管理系统。开发人员和数据库管理员可以使用PostgreSQL 12。PostgreSQL项目为最常见的发行版提供了所有受支持版本的软件包的存储库。支持的发行版包括所有Red Hat系列，其中包括CentOS，Fedora，Scientific Linux，Oracle Linux和Red Hat Enterprise Linux。

使用以下步骤在CentOS 8 / CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12。

步骤1：将PostgreSQL Yum存储库添加到CentOS 7 / CentOS 8

PostgreSQL Yum存储库将与您的常规系统和补丁程序管理集成，并在PostgreSQL的整个支持期限内为所有受支持的PostgreSQL版本提供自动更新。

可以通过运行以下命令将其添加到CentOS系统中：

CentOS 8：

sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

CentOS 7:

sudo yum -y install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

您可以通过运行以下命令获取有关已安装软件包的更多信息：

$ rpm -qi pgdg-redhat-repo

Name : pgdg-redhat-repo

Version : 42.0

Release : 4

Architecture: noarch

Install Date: Thu 19 Sep 2019 06:34:53 PM UTC

Group : System Environment/Base

Size : 6915

License : PostgreSQL

Signature : DSA/SHA1, Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:42 AM UTC, Key ID 1f16d2e1442df0f8

Source RPM : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.src.rpm

Build Date : Wed 17 Apr 2019 04:12:41 AM UTC

Build Host : koji-centos7-x86-64-pgbuild

Relocations : (not relocatable)

Vendor : PostgreSQL Global Development Group

URL : https://yum.postgresql.org

Summary : PostgreSQL PGDG RPMs- Yum Repository Configuration for Red Hat / CentOS / Scientific Linux

Description :

This package contains yum configuration for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS

and Scientific Linux. and also the GPG key for PGDG RPMs.

步骤2：在CentOS 8 / CentOS 7上安装PostgreSQL 12

添加YUM存储库后，我们可以使用以下命令在CentOS 7/8上安装PostgreSQL 12。

CentOS 8上的PostgreSQL 12

禁用内置的PostgreSQL模块：

sudo dnf -qy module disable postgresql

然后安装客户端和服务器软件包：

sudo dnf -y install postgresql12 postgresql12-server

CentOS 7上的PostgreSQL 12

安装PostgreSQL客户端和服务器软件包：

sudo yum -y install epel-release yum-utils sudo yum-config-manager --enable pgdg12 sudo yum install postgresql12-server postgresql12

样本安装输出：

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================================================================================

Installing:

postgresql12 x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 1.8 M

postgresql12-server x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 5.4 M

Installing for dependencies:

libicu x86_64 50.2-3.el7 base 6.9 M

postgresql12-libs x86_64 12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 pgdg12-testing 383 k

python3 x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 69 k

python3-libs x86_64 3.6.8-10.el7 base 7.0 M

python3-pip noarch 9.0.3-5.el7 base 1.8 M

python3-setuptools noarch 39.2.0-10.el7 base 629 k

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================================================================================

Install 2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 24 M

Installed size: 104 M

Downloading packages:

(1/8): libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 6.9 MB 00:00:00

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg12-testing/packages/postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY

Public key for postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed

(2/8): postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 383 kB 00:00:00

(3/8): python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 69 kB 00:00:00

(4/8): python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch.rpm | 629 kB 00:00:00

(5/8): postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:00

(6/8): python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.0 MB 00:00:00

(7/8): postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm | 5.4 MB 00:00:00

(8/8): python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.8 MB 00:00:00

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total 15 MB/s | 24 MB 00:00:01

Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG

Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:

Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"

Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8

Package : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.noarch (installed)

From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64 1/8

Installing : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 2/8

Installing : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 3/8

Installing : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch 4/8

Installing : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 5/8

Installing : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch 6/8

Installing : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 7/8

Installing : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 8/8

Verifying : postgresql12-libs-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 1/8

Verifying : python3-pip-9.0.3-5.el7.noarch 2/8

Verifying : libicu-50.2-3.el7.x86_64 3/8

Verifying : python3-libs-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 4/8

Verifying : postgresql12-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 5/8

Verifying : postgresql12-server-12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 6/8

Verifying : python3-setuptools-39.2.0-10.el7.noarch 7/8

Verifying : python3-3.6.8-10.el7.x86_64 8/8

Installed:

postgresql12.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 postgresql12-server.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7

Dependency Installed:

libicu.x86_64 0:50.2-3.el7 postgresql12-libs.x86_64 0:12beta4-1PGDG.rhel7 python3.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7 python3-libs.x86_64 0:3.6.8-10.el7

python3-pip.noarch 0:9.0.3-5.el7 python3-setuptools.noarch 0:39.2.0-10.el7

步骤3：初始化并启动数据库服务

安装后，需要先进行数据库初始化，然后才能启动服务。

sudo /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-setup initdb

数据库主要配置ifile写入：/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf

启动并启用数据库服务器服务。

sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-12

确认服务已启动，没有任何错误。

$ systemctl status postgresql-12

● postgresql-12.service - PostgreSQL 12 database server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-12.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-09-19 18:50:10 UTC; 39s ago

Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/12/static/

Process: 10647 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-12/bin/postgresql-12-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Main PID: 10652 (postmaster)

CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-12.service

├─10652 /usr/pgsql-12/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/

├─10654 postgres: logger

├─10656 postgres: checkpointer

├─10657 postgres: background writer

├─10658 postgres: walwriter

├─10659 postgres: autovacuum launcher

├─10660 postgres: stats collector

└─10661 postgres: logical replication launcher

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 12 database server...

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.207 UTC [10652] LOG: starting PostgreSQL 12beta4 on x86_64-pc-lin... 64-bit

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on IPv6 address "::1", port 5432

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.209 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on IPv4 address "127.0.0.1", port 5432

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.214 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresq...L.5432"

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.229 UTC [10652] LOG: listening on Unix socket "/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432"

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal postmaster[10652]: 2019-09-19 18:50:10.254 UTC [10652] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".

Sep 19 18:50:10 cent7.novalocal systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 12 database server.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

如果您有正在运行的防火墙服务，并且远程客户端应连接到数据库服务器，则允许PostgreSQL服务。

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=postgresql --permanent sudo firewall-cmd --reload

第4步：设置PostgreSQL管理员用户的密码

设置PostgreSQL管理员用户

$ sudo su - postgres ~]$ psql -c "alter user postgres with password 'StrongPassword'" ALTER ROLE

步骤5：启用远程访问（可选）

编辑文件/var/lib/pgsql/12/data/postgresql.conf并将所有服务器的“监听地址”设置为服务器IP地址或“ *”。

listen_addresses ='192.168.10.10'

还设置PostgreSQL接受远程连接

$ sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/12/data/pg_hba.conf # Accept from anywhere host all all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 # Accept from trusted subnet host all all 192.168.18.0/24 md5

提交更改后，重新启动数据库服务。

sudo systemctl restart postgresql-12

步骤6：安装pgAdmin 4 Web界面

pgAdmin是领先的开源功能丰富的PostgreSQL管理和开发平台，可在Linux，Unix，Mac OS X和Windows上运行。这是在CentOS上安装pgAdmin4的链接。

• 如何在CentOS 8 Linux上安装pgAdmin 4
  
• 在CentOS 7上安装pgAdmin4