TOP 10 CPU排序(单位秒=cpu_time/1000000)
select * from (select CPU_TIME/1000000,username,PARSING_USER_ID,sql_id,ELAPSED_TIME/1000000,sql_text from v$sql,dba_users where user_id=PARSING_USER_ID order by CPU_TIME/1000000 desc) where rownum <=5;
(不要使用CPU_TIME/ EXECUTIONS来排序,因为任何一条语句不管执行几次都会耗逻辑读和cpu,可能不会耗物理读(遇到LRU还会耗物理读,LRU规则是执行最不频繁的且最后一次执行时间距离现在最久远的就会被交互出buffer cache),是因为buffer cache存放的是数据块,去数据块里找行一定会消耗cpu和逻辑读的。Shared pool执行存放sql的解析结果,sql执行的时候只是去share pool中找hash value,如果有匹配的就是软解析。所以物理读逻辑读是在buffer cache中,软解析硬解析是在shared pool)
查询等待事件
select event, sum(decode(wait_time, 0, 0, 1)) "之前等待次数", sum(decode(wait_time, 0, 1, 0)) "正在等待次数", count(*) from v$session_wait group by event order by 4 desc
查询当前正在消耗temp空间的sql语句
Select distinct se.username, se.sid, su.blocks * to_number(rtrim(p.value))/1024/1024 as space_G, su.tablespace, sql_text from V$TEMPSEG_USAGE su, v$parameter p, v$session se, v$sql s where p.name = 'db_block_size' and su.session_addr=se.saddr and su.sqlhash=s.hash_value and su.sqladdr=s.address
查询需要使用绑定变量的sql,10G以后推荐第二种
(任何一条执行过的语句不管执行了几次在V$SQL中都只有一条记录,V$SQL中会记录执行了几次。两条一模一样的语句但是在不同的schema下执行的两种结果,如select * from t1.test在sye、system下执行则V$SQL只有一条记录(谁先执行则PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME显示谁)。如在sys和system都执行select * from test则V$SQL中有两条记录,两条记录的CHILD_NUMBER和PARSING_SCHEMA_NAME不一样。同一个用户下执行一样的语句如果大小写不一样或加了hint的话则会出现多个V$SQL记录,说明V$SQL对应的sql语句必须一模一样,如果alter system flush shared_pool(主站慎用)后再执行一样的语句,发现语句在V$SQL中的SQL_ID和HASH_VALUE与之前的一样,说明SQL_ID和HASH_VALUE应该是oracle自己的一套算法来的,只是根据sql语句内容来进行转换,sql语句不变则SQL_ID和HASH_VALUE也不变。)
第一种
select * from ( select count(*),sql_id, substr(sql_text,1,40) from v$sql group by sql_id, substr(sql_text,1,40) having count(*) > 10 order by count(*) desc) where rownum<10
第二种
count(1)>10表示类语句运行了10次以上
select sql_id, FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE, sql_text from v$SQL where FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE in (select /*+ unnest */ FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE from v$sql where FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE > 0 and FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE != EXACT_MATCHING_SIGNATURE group by FORCE_MATCHING_SIGNATURE having count(1) > 10)
查看数据文件可用百分比
select b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.AUTOEXTENSIBLE, ROUND(b.bytes/1024/1024/1024,2) ||'G' "文件总容量", ROUND((b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))/1024/1024/1024,2)||'G' "文件已用容量", ROUND(sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/1024/1024/1024,2)||'G' "文件可用容量", ROUND(sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes),2)*100||'%' "文件可用百分比" from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b where a.file_id=b.file_id group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes,b.AUTOEXTENSIBLE order by b.tablespace_name;
查看数据文件可用百分比(文件自增长的情况下)
select b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.AUTOEXTENSIBLE, ROUND(b.MAXBYTES/1024/1024/1024,2) ||'G' "文件最大可用总容量", ROUND((b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))/1024/1024/1024,2)||'G' "文件已用容量", ROUND(((b.MAXBYTES/1024/1024/1024)-((b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))/1024/1024/1024))/(b.MAXBYTES/1024/1024/1024),2)*100||'%' "文件可用百分比" from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b where a.file_id=b.file_id and b.file_id>4 group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes,b.AUTOEXTENSIBLE,b.MAXBYTES order by b.tablespace_name;
查看表空间可用百分比
select b.tablespace_name,a.total,b.free,round((b.free/a.total)*100) "% Free" from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes/(1024*1024)) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) a, (select tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024))) free from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) b WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name order by "% Free";
查看临时表空间使用率(临时文件是AUTOEXTENSIBLE的情况下可能空闲率是0)
SELECT temp_used.tablespace_name,total,used, total - used as "Free", round(nvl(total-used, 0) * 100/total,3) "Free percent" FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes_used)/1024/1024 used FROM GV_$TEMP_SPACE_HEADER GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_used, (SELECT tablespace_name, SUM(bytes)/1024/1024 total FROM dba_temp_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) temp_total WHERE temp_used.tablespace_name = temp_total.tablespace_name
查询undo表空间使用情况
select tablespace_name, status, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 M from dba_undo_extents group by tablespace_name, status
查看ASM磁盘组使用率
select name, round(total_mb / 1024) "总容量", round(free_mb / 1024) "空闲空间", round((free_mb / total_mb) * 100) "可用空间比例" from gv$asm_diskgroup
统计每个用户使用表空间率
SELECT c.owner "用户", a.tablespace_name "表空间名", total/1024/1024 "表空间大小M", free/1024/1024 "表空间剩余大小M", ( total - free )/1024/1024 "表空间使用大小M", Round(( total - free ) / total, 4) * 100 "表空间总计使用率 %", c.schemas_use/1024/1024 "用户使用表空间大小M", round((schemas_use)/total,4)*100 "用户使用表空间率 %" FROM (SELECT tablespace_name, Sum(bytes) free FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY tablespace_name) a, (SELECT tablespace_name, Sum(bytes) total FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY tablespace_name) b, (Select owner ,Tablespace_Name, Sum(bytes) schemas_use From Dba_Segments Group By owner,Tablespace_Name) c WHERE a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name =c.Tablespace_Name order by "用户","表空间名"
查看闪回区\快速恢复区空间使用率
select sum(percent_space_used) || '%' "已使用空间比例" from V$RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE
或
select round(100 * (a.space_used / space_limit), 2) || '%' "已使用空间比例", a.* from v$recovery_file_dest a;
查看僵死进程,分两种(一种是会话不在的,另一种是会话标记为killed的但是会话还在的)
alter system kill session一执行则session即标记为KILLED,但是如果会话产生的数据量大则这个kill可能会比较久,在这个过程中session标记为KILLED但是这个会话还在V$session中,则V$session.paddr还在,所以可以匹配到V$process.addr,所以process进程还在;当kill过程执行完毕,则这个会话即不在V$session中
会话不在的
select * from v$process where addr not in (select paddr from v$session) and pid not in (1, 17, 18)
会话还在的,但是会话标记为killed
select * from v$process where addr in (select paddr from v$session where status = 'KILLED')
再根据上述结果中的SPID通过如下命令可以查看到process的启动时间
ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|grep SPID
查看行迁移或行链接的表
select * From dba_tables where nvl(chain_cnt, 0) <> 0
chain_cnt :Number of rows in the table that are chained from one data block to another or that have migrated to a new block, requiring a link to preserve the old rowid. This column is updated only after you analyze the table.
数据缓冲区命中率(百分比小于90就要加大db_cache_size)
查询V$SYSSTAT视图可以查看从内存中读取数据的频率。它提供了数据库中设置的数据块缓存区的命中率。这个信息可以帮助您判断系统何时需要更多的数据缓存(DB_CACHE_SIZE),或者系统的状态何时调整得不佳(二者均将导致较低的命中率)。
通常情况下,您应当确保读数据的命中率保持在95%以上。将系统的命中率从98%提高到99%,可能意味着性能提高了100%(取决于引起磁盘读操作的语句)。
SELECT a.VALUE + b.VALUE logical_reads, c.VALUE phys_reads, round(100 * (1 - c.value / (a.value + b.value)), 2) || '%' hit_ratio FROM v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c WHERE a.NAME = 'db block gets' AND b.NAME = 'consistent gets' AND c.NAME = 'physical reads';
或
SELECT DB_BLOCK_GETS + CONSISTENT_GETS Logical_reads, PHYSICAL_READS phys_reads, round(100 * (1 - (PHYSICAL_READS / (DB_BLOCK_GETS + CONSISTENT_GETS))), 2) || '%' "Hit Ratio" FROM V$BUFFER_POOL_STATISTICS WHERE NAME = 'DEFAULT';
或
SELECT 1 - (SUM(DECODE(NAME, 'physical reads', VALUE, 0)) / (SUM(DECODE(NAME, 'db block gets', VALUE, 0)) + (SUM(DECODE(NAME, 'consistent gets', VALUE, 0))))) "Read Hit Ratio" FROM v$sysstat;
或者
在Oracle 10g中,也可以直接获得V$SYSMETRIC中的 AWR 信息:
select metric_name, value from v$sysmetric where metric_name = 'Buffer Cache Hit Ratio';
测定数据字典的命中率(V$ROWCACHE)
可以使用V$ROWCACHE视图来发现对数据字典的调用是否有效地利用了通过init.ora参数SHARED_POOL_SIZE分配的内存缓存.
如果字典的命中率不高,系统的综合性能将大受影响。推荐的命中率是95%或者更高。如果命中率低于这个百分比,说明可能需要增加init.ora参数SHARED_POOL_SIZE。
但要记住,在V$SGASTAT视图中看到的共享池包括多个部分,而这里仅仅就是其中之一。注意:在大幅度使用公共同名的环境中,字典命中率可能难以超过75%,即使共享池的尺寸很大。这是因为Oracle必须经常检查不存在的对象是否依旧存在。
SQL> select sum(gets),sum(getmisses),(1 - (sum(getmisses) / (sum(gets)+ sum(getmisses)))) * 100 HitRate from v$rowcache; SUM(GETS) SUM(GETMISSES) HITRATE ---------- -------------- ---------- 35555492 186408 99.4784608
在Oracle 10g中,也可以直接获得V$SYSMETRIC中的AWR信息:
SQL> select metric_name, value from v$sysmetric where metric_name ='Library Cache Hit Ratio'; METRIC_NAME VALUE ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Library Cache Hit Ratio 98.7987987 Library Cache Hit Ratio 100
测定共享SQL和PL/SQL的命中率(V$LIBRARYCACHE)
访问V$LIBRARYCACHE视图可以显示实际使用的语句(SQL和PL/SQL)访问内存的情况。如果init.ora的参数SHARED_POOL_SIZE设置得太小,内存中就没有足够的空间来存储所有的语句。固定命中率通常应该是95%或更高,而重载的次数不应该超过1%。查询V$SQL_BIND_CAPTURE视图,看看每个SQL绑定是否太高,是否需要CURSOR_SHARING。
SQL> select sum(pinhits)/sum(pins)*100 from v$librarycache; SUM(PINHITS)/SUM(PINS)*100 -------------------------- 98.2787413813059
SQL> select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins)*100 from v$librarycache; SUM(PINHITS-RELOADS)/SUM(PINS) ------------------------------ 98.0597157838185
最好的方式:
select sum(pins) "Executions", sum(pinhits) "Hits", ((sum(pinhits) / sum(pins)) * 100) "PinHitRatio", sum(reloads) "Misses", ((sum(pins) / (sum(pins) + sum(reloads))) * 100) "RelHitRatio" from v$librarycache;
查询 v$sql_bind_capture
,看看 average binds 是否大于15 (issue):
select sql_id, count(*) bind_count from v$sql_bind_capture where child_number = 0 group by sql_id having count(*) > 20 order by count(*);
确定需要固定的PL/SQL对象
的可用空间均成为许多零散的片段,而没有足够大的连续空间,这是共享池中的普遍现象。消除共享池错误的关键是理解哪些对象会引起问题。一旦知道了会引起潜在问题的PL/SQL对象,就可以在数据库启动时固定这个代码(这时共享池是完全连续的)。
select name, sharable_mem from v$db_object_cache where sharable_mem > 100000 and type in ('PACKAGE', 'PACKAGE BODY', 'FUNCTION', 'PROCEDURE') and kept = 'NO';
通过V$SQLAREA查找有问题的查询
V$SQLAREA视图提供了一种识别有潜在问题或者需要优化的SQL语句的方法,从而可通过减少磁盘的访问来优化数据库的综合性能。
select b.username username, a.disk_reads reads, a.executions exec, a.disk_reads / decode(a.executions, 0, 1, a.executions) rds_exec_ratio, a.command_type, a.sql_text Statement from v$sqlarea a, dba_users b where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id and a.disk_reads > 100000 order by a.disk_reads desc;
检查用户的当前操作及其使用的资源
将V$SESSION和V$SQLTEXT
连接就可以显示目前每一个会话正在执行的SQL语句。这在有些时候是极为有用的,例如DBA希望查看某一个给定的时间点上系统究竟执行了哪些操作。
select a.sid, a.username, s.sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext s where a.sql_address = s.address and a.sql_hash_value = s.hash_value order by a.username, a.sid, s.piece;
select a.username, b.block_gets, b.consistent_gets, b.physical_reads, b.block_changes, b.consistent_changes from v$session a, v$sess_io b where a.sid = b.sid order by a.username;
查找磁盘I/O问题
视图V$DATAFILE、V$FILESTAT和V$DBA_DATA_FILES
提供了数据库中所有数据文件和磁盘的文件I/O活动信息。理想情况下,物理的读和写应当平均分布。如果没有合理的配置系统,其综合性能就会受到影响。
select a.file#, a.name, a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts from v$datafile a, v$filestat b where a.file# = b.file#;
查询归档日志切换频率
select sequence#,to_char(first_time,'yyyymmdd_hh24:mi:ss') firsttime,round((first_time-lag(first_time) over(order by first_time))*24*60,2) minutes from v$log_history where first_time > sysdate - 3 order by first_time,minutes;
或
select sequence#,to_char(first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') First_time,First_change#,switch_change# from v$loghist where first_time>sysdate-3 order by 1;
或
SELECT TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD') DAY, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '00', 1, 0)) H00, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '01', 1, 0)) H01, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '02', 1, 0)) H02, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '03', 1, 0)) H03, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '04', 1, 0)) H04, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '05', 1, 0)) H05, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '06', 1, 0)) H06, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '07', 1, 0)) H07, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '08', 1, 0)) H08, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '09', 1, 0)) H09, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '10', 1, 0)) H10, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '11', 1, 0)) H11, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '12', 1, 0)) H12, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '13', 1, 0)) H13, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '14', 1, 0)) H14, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '15', 1, 0)) H15, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '16', 1, 0)) H16, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '17', 1, 0)) H17, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '18', 1, 0)) H18, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '19', 1, 0)) H19, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '20', 1, 0)) H20, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '21', 1, 0)) H21, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '22', 1, 0)) H22, SUM(DECODE(TO_CHAR(first_time, 'HH24'), '23', 1, 0)) H23, COUNT(*) TOTAL FROM (SELECT ROWNUM RN, FIRST_TIME FROM V$LOG_HISTORY WHERE first_time>sysdate-18 and FIRST_TIME>ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,-1) ORDER BY FIRST_TIME) GROUP BY TO_CHAR(first_time, 'MM/DD') ORDER BY MIN(RN);
查询lgwr进程写日志时每执行一次lgwr需要多少秒,在state是waiting的情况下,某个等待编号seq#下,seconds_in_wait达多少秒,就是lgwr进程写一次IO需要多少秒
select event, state, seq#, seconds_in_wait, program from v$session where program like '%LGWR%' and state = 'WAITING'
查询没有索引的表
Select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_indexes)
Select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns)
查询7天的db time(db time=db cpu+io time+wait time不包含空闲等待)
WITH sysstat AS (select sn.begin_interval_time begin_interval_time, sn.end_interval_time end_interval_time, ss.stat_name stat_name, ss.value e_value, lag(ss.value, 1) over(order by ss.snap_id) b_value from dba_hist_sysstat ss, dba_hist_snapshot sn where trunc(sn.begin_interval_time) >= sysdate - 7 and ss.snap_id = sn.snap_id and ss.dbid = sn.dbid and ss.instance_number = sn.instance_number and ss.dbid = (select dbid from v$database) and ss.instance_number = (select instance_number from v$instance) and ss.stat_name = 'DB time') select to_char(BEGIN_INTERVAL_TIME, 'mm-dd hh24:mi') || to_char(END_INTERVAL_TIME, ' hh24:mi') date_time, stat_name, round((e_value - nvl(b_value, 0)) / (extract(day from(end_interval_time - begin_interval_time)) * 24 * 60 * 60 + extract(hour from(end_interval_time - begin_interval_time)) * 60 * 60 + extract(minute from(end_interval_time - begin_interval_time)) * 60 + extract(second from(end_interval_time - begin_interval_time))), 0) per_sec from sysstat where (e_value - nvl(b_value, 0)) > 0 and nvl(b_value, 0) > 0
查询产生热块较多的对象
x$bh .tch(Touch)表示访问次数越高,热点快竞争问题就存在
SELECT e.owner, e.segment_name, e.segment_type FROM dba_extents e, (SELECT * FROM (SELECT addr,ts#,file#,dbarfil,dbablk,tch FROM x$bh ORDER BY tch DESC) WHERE ROWNUM < 11) b WHERE e.relative_fno = b.dbarfil AND e.block_id <= b.dbablk AND e.block_id + e.blocks > b.dbablk;
导出AWR报告的SQL语句
select * from dba_hist_snapshot
select * from table(dbms_workload_repository.awr_report_html(DBID, INSTANCE_NUMBER, startsnapid,endsnapid))
select * from TABLE(DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPOSITORY.awr_diff_report_html(DBID, INSTANCE_NUMBER, startsnapid,endsnapid, DBID, INSTANCE_NUMBER, startsnapid,endsnapid));
查询某个SQL的执行计划
select a.hash_value,a.* from v$sql a where sql_id='0n4qfzbqfsjm3'
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(v$sql.hash_value,0,'advanced'));
含顺序的
select * from table(xplan.display_cursor('v$sql.sql_id',0,'advanced'));
不过要先创建xplan包,再执行
SQL> CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM XPLAN FOR SYS.XPLAN; SQL> grant execute on sys.xplan to public;