文章目录

2009年原文

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重点词汇

2010年原文

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2011年原文

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2012年原文

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2013年原文

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2014年原文

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2015年原文

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2016年原文

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2017年原文

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2018年原文

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正文

2009年原文

An architectural Style defines as a family of such systems in terms of a pattern、of structural organization.More specifically an architectural style defines a vocabulary of components and connector types, and a set of constraints on how they can be combined. For many styles there may also exist one or more semantic models that specify how to determine a system’s overall properties from the properties of its parts. Many of architectural styles have been developed over the years.The best-known examples of pipe-and-filter architectures are programs written in the Unix shell．

翻译

一种架构风格以一种结构化组织模式定义一组这样的系统。具体来说，一种架构风格定义了一个构件及连接器类型的词汇表，以及一组关于它们如何能够被关联的约束。对于许多风格来说，可能也存在一个或多个语义模型，从系统部件的特性来确定系统的整体特性。许多架构风格已经发展了很多年，众所周知的管道-过滤器架构的例子就是用UNIX shell编写的程序。

重点词汇

pattern. 模式.

component. 构件.

constraint. 约束.

semantic model. 语义模型.

pope-and-filter. 管道-过滤器架构.

architectural style. 架构风格

specifically. 具体地.

specify. 指定、确定.

2010年原文

The software architecture is a set of software components, subsystems, relationships, interactions, the properties of each of these elements, and the set of guiding principles that together constitute the fundamental properties and constraints of a software system or set of systems. Architectural pattern defines a general set of element types and their interactions. The examples include Pipes and Filters, Model-View-Controller, and Reflection.

A model in software architecture is a representation used to understand or document one or more aspects of a problem or solution. Architecture is usually used in conjunction with many adjunct terms.

The business architecture defines the key strategies, organization, goals and related processes of the enterprise.

At the enterprise level, the application architecture may be more of a set of guidelines on how the various software architectures should be constructed consistently across the enterprise.

The reference architecture, which describes the high-level set of elements involved in application from a particular domain along with their interactions, is often used to focus on subsystem definition rather than application process level definition.

翻译

软件架构中的模型是一种表现形式，用于从一个或多个方面理解或记录一个问题或解决方案。架构通常会与一些附属词结合起来使用。

业务架构定义了企业的关键策略、组织、目标和相关过程。

在企业层面，应用架构可能更多的是一组关于应该如何在整个企业一致地构建各种软件架构的指导原则。

参考架构描述了源自特定领域的应用涉及的髙层元素集合及其交互关系，通常用于关注子系统的定义而不是应用过程级别定义。

重点词汇

Architectural pattern. 架构模式

model. 模型

business architecture. 业务架构

application architecture. 应用架构

reference architecture. 参考架构

software architecture. 软件架构

Pipes and Filters. 管道与过滤器

Model-View-Controller. MVC框架，模型(model)－视图(view)－控制器(controller)

Reflection. 反射机制

involve. 涉及、包括

interaction. 交互

2011年原文

Information systems design is defined as those tasks that focus on the specification of a detailed computer-based solution. Typically, there are four systems design tasks for in-house development.

The first task is to specify an application architecture,which defines the technologies to be used by one, more, or all information systems in terms of their data, processes, interfaces, and network components. This task is accomplished by analyzing the data models and process models that are initially created during requirements analysis.

The next systems design task is to develop the database design specifications. The purpose of this task is to prepare technical design specifications for a database that will be adaptable to future requirements and expansion.

Once the database prototype has been built, the systems designer can work closely with system users to develop input, output and dialogue specifications. The internal controls must be specified to ensure that the outputs are not lost, misrouted, misused, or incomplete.

The fourth design task involves packaging all the specifications from the previous design tasks into a set of specifications that will guide the computer programmer’s activities during the following phases of the systems development methodology.

Finally, we should reevaluate project feasibility and update the project plan accordingly. The key deliverable should include a detailed plan for the construction phase that should follow.

翻译

信息系统设计被定义为一些任务，它们主要关注一个详细的计算机解决方案的规格说明。通常来说，内部开发有四种系统设计任务。

第一项任务是确定一个应用程序架构，它以数据、过程、接口和网络组件的方式定义一个、多个或所有信息系统要使用的技术。完成这项任务需要分析最初创建于需求分析期间的数据模型和过程模型。

下一项系统设计任务是开发数据库设计的规格说明。该任务的目的是准备一个数据库技术设计规格说明，以适应将来的需求和扩展。

—旦建成了数据库原型，系统设计人员能够和系统用户密切合作开发输入、输出和对话框规格说明。必须指定内部控件来确保输出不会丢失、误传、滥用或不完整。

第四项设计任务包括把之前所有设计任务的规格说明打包为一套规格说明，将在系统开发方法的后续阶段中指导计算机程序员的活动。

最后，我们应该重新评估项目可行性并相应地更新项目计划。主要交付成果将包括构建阶段应该遵循的一个详细计划。

重点词汇

application architecture. 应用架构

database design specifications. 数据库设计规范

internal control. 内部控制

computer programmer. 计算机程序员

reevaluate project feasibility. 重新评估项目可行性

Information system. 信息系统

requirements analysis. 需求分析

systems development methodology. 系统开发方法

project feasibility. 项目可行性

specify. 指定、确定

specification. 规格

involve. 涉及、包括

2012年原文

An application architecture specifies the technologies to be used to implement one or more information systems. It serves as an outline for detailed design, construction, and implementation. Given the models and details, include logical DFDs and ERD, we can distribute data and processes to create a general design of application architecture. The design will normally be constrained by architecture standards, project objectives, and the feasibility of techniques used. The first, physical DFD to be drawn is the network architecture DFD. The next step is to distribute data stores to different processors. Data partitioning and replication are two types of distributed data which most RDBMSs support. There are many distribution options used in data distribution. In the case of storing specific tables on different servers, we should record each tableas a data store on the physical DFD and connect each to the appropriate server.

翻译

应用架构说明了实现一个或多个信息系统所使用的技术，它作为详细设计、构造和实现的一个大纲。给定了包括逻辑数据流图和实体联系图在内的模型和详细资料，我们可以分配数据和过程以创建应用架构的一个概要设计。概要设计通常会受到架构标准、项目目标和所使用技术的可行性的制约。需要绘制的第一个物理数据流图是网络架构数据流图。接下来是分配数据存储到不同的处理器。数据分区和复制是大多数关系型数据库支持的两种分布式数据形式。有许多分配方法用于数据分布。在不同服务器上存储特定表的情况下，我们应该将每个表记为物理数据流图中的一个数据存储，并将每个表连接到相应的服务器。

重点词汇

logical DFDs and ERD. 逻辑数据流图和实体联系图

the feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性

network architecture DFD. 网络架构数据流图

Data partitioning and replication. 数据分配和复制

storing specific tables on different servers. 在不同服务器上存储特定表

application architecture. 应用架构

detailed design. 详细设计

general design. 概要设计

feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性

data stores. 数据存储

RDBMS. 关系数据库管理系统，Relational Database Management System

2013年原文

A system’s architecture is a representation of a system in which there is a mapping of functionality onto hardware and software components, a mapping of the software architecture onto the hardware architecture, and a concern for the human interaction with these components. That is,system architecture is concerned with a total system, including hardware, software, and humans. Software architectural structures can be divided into three major categories, depending on the broad nature of the elements they show.

1)Module structures embody decisions as a set of code or data units that have to be constructed or procured.

2)Component-and-connector structures embody decisions as to how the system is to be structured as set of elements that have runtime behavior and interactions.

3)Allocation structures embody decisions as to how the system will relate to non software structures in its environment (such as CPUs, file systems, networks, development teams, etc.).

翻译

系统架构是一个系统的一种表示，包含了功能到软硬件构件的映射、软件架构到硬件架构的映射以及对于这些组件人机交互的关注。也就是说，系统架构关注于整个系统， 包括硬件、软件和使用者。软件架构结构根据其所展示元素的广义性质，可以被分为三个主要类别。

1)模块结构将决策体现为一组需要被构建或获取的代码或数据单元。

2)构件-连接器结构将决策体现为系统如何被结构化为一组具有运行时行为和交互的元素。

3)配置结构将决策体现为系统如何在其环境中关联到非软件结构，如CPU、文件系统、 网络、开发团队等。

重点词汇

functionality. 功能 (计算机或电子系统的)

software architecture. 软件架构

module structures. 模块结构

component-and-connector structures. 组件-连接器结构

Allocation structures. 配置结构