Python 获取“我的文档”等win系统路径的几种方法

import ctypes.wintypes
def getDocPath(pathID=5):
    '''path=5: My Documents'''
    buf= ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(ctypes.wintypes.MAX_PATH)
    ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, pathID, None, 0, buf)
    return buf.value
for i in range(60):
    print(i,getDocPath(i))
print('\nMy Documents\' Path:',end='\n\t')
print(getDocPath())

from win32com.shell import shell
def getDocPath(pathID=5):
    try:
        return shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, pathID, None, 0)
    except:
        return ''
for i in range(60):
    print(i,getDocPath(i))
print('\nMy Documents\' Path:',end='\n\t')
print(getDocPath())

运行结果：（同 ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW() 返回的完全一致，但本函数 win32com.shell.SHGetFolderPath() 若pathID不存在会报错退出，所以用了try...except语句）
0 C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
1 
2 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
3 
4 
5 d:\Documents
6 d:\Favorites
7 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
8 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Recent
9 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\SendTo
10 
11 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu
12 
13 C:\Users\Administrator\Music
14 C:\Users\Administrator\Videos
15 
16 C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
17 
18 
19 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Network Shortcuts
20 C:\Windows\Fonts
21 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Templates
22 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu
23 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
24 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
25 C:\Users\Public\Desktop
26 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming
27 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Printer Shortcuts
28 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local
29 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
30 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
31 d:\Favorites
32 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files
33 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Cookies
34 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\History
35 C:\ProgramData
36 C:\Windows
37 C:\Windows\system32
38 C:\Program Files
39 d:\Pictures
40 C:\Users\Administrator
41 C:\Windows\SysWOW64
42 C:\Program Files (x86)
43 C:\Program Files\Common Files
44 C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files
45 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Templates
46 C:\Users\Public\Documents
47 C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
48 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Administrative Tools
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 C:\Users\Public\Music
54 C:\Users\Public\Pictures
55 C:\Users\Public\Videos
56 C:\Windows\resources
57 C:\Windows\resources\0804
58 C:\ProgramData\OEM Links
59 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Burn\Burn
My Documents' Path:
    d:\Documents

>>> from os import path
>>> path.expanduser('~')
'C:\\Users\\Administrator'
>>> os.path.expandvars('$HOME')
'C:\\Users\\Administrator
>>> path.expanduser('~\Desktop')
'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop'
>>> docPath=path.expanduser('~\Documents')
>>> docPath
'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Documents'
>>> 

import os.path
def getDocPath():
    return os.path.expanduser('~\Documents')
print(getDocPath())

E:\>pip install ConfigParser
Collecting ConfigParser
  Downloading configparser-5.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (19 kB)
Installing collected packages: ConfigParser
Successfully installed ConfigParser-5.0.2

import os
import configparser
def getDocPath():
    os.system("@echo [HOME]>c:\home.ini")
    os.system("@set HOME>>c:\home.ini")
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
    config.read_file(open(r'c:\home.ini'))
    path = config.get("HOME","HOME")
    os.remove(r'c:\home.ini')
    return path + '\Documents'
print(getDocPath())

>>> import os
>>> os.getenv("HOME")
'C:\\Users\\Administrator'
>>> os.environ['HOME']
'C:\\Users\\Administrator'
>>> os.environ
environ({'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData', 'APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming', 'ASL.LOG': 'Destination=file', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files', 'COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files', 'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC-20160915', 'COMSPEC': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe', 'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'FREI0R_PATH': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\APOWER~1\\VIDEOC~1\\frei0r;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Apowersoft\\Video Converter Studio\\frei0r', 'HOME': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:', 'HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\Administrator', 'LNKEVN': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Internet Explorer\\iexplore.exe', 'LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local', 'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC-20160915', 'MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Foxit Software\\Foxit Reader\\plugins\\', 'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '2', 'OS': 'Windows_NT', 'PATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files\\Calibre2\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft SQL Server\\100\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\100\\Tools\\Binn\\;C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft SQL Server\\100\\DTS\\Binn\\;E:\\Python\\Scripts\\;E:\\Python\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Launcher\\;E:\\PyCharm\\bin;', 'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC', 'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64', 'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 23 Stepping 10, GenuineIntel', 'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '6', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '170a', 'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData', 'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)', 'PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files', 'PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\', 'PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public', 'PYCHARM COMMUNITY EDITION': 'E:\\PyCharm\\bin;', 'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\Windows', 'TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'USERDOMAIN': 'PC-20160915', 'USERNAME': 'Administrator', 'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator', 'VS100COMNTOOLS': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio 10.0\\Common7\\Tools\\', 'WINDIR': 'C:\\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '3', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log', '_DFX_INSTALL_UNSIGNED_DRIVER': '1'})
>>> 

import os
def getDocPath():
    return os.getenv("home")+'\Documents'
def getDesktopPath():
    return os.getenv("home")+'\Desktop'
print(getDocPath())
print(getDesktopPath())

import winreg
def getDocPath():
    key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_CURRENT_USER,r'Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Shell Folders')
    return winreg.QueryValueEx(key, "{374DE290-123F-4565-9164-39C4925E467B}")[0]
print(getDocPath())

from os import path as p
import ctypes.wintypes
def getDocPath(pathID=5):
    '''默认返回我的文档路径，buf为空则返回当前工作路径'''
    buf= ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(ctypes.wintypes.MAX_PATH)
    ctypes.windll.shell32.SHGetFolderPathW(None, pathID, None, 0, buf)
    return p.dirname(p.realpath(__file__)) if buf.value=='' else buf.value
print(getDocPath())
print(getDocPath(60))

import os
from win32com.shell import shell
def getDocPath(pathID=5):
    '''默认返回我的文档路径，出错则返回当前工作路径'''
    try:
        return shell.SHGetFolderPath(0, pathID, None, 0)
    except:
        return os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))
print(getDocPath())
print(getDocPath(60))