1. 启用coredump
程序运行过程中可能会异常终止或崩溃，OS会把程序挂掉时的内存状态记录下来，写入core文件，这就叫 coredump，通过gdb结合core文件可以方便地进行调试。
利用core文件中保留的异常堆栈文件，能够帮助研发同学更快定位问题。因此，如果某些故障断断续续会出现，建议阶段性开启coredump功能。
想要开启coredump，需要先修改OS层的几个设置：
$ ulimit -c unlimited $ sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=2 $ echo "core.%p.%e.%s" > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern
同时，将这些修改持久化到相应文件中（假定MySQL/GreatSQL服务进程的属主用户是 mysql）：
$ echo "mysql - core unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf $ echo "fs.suid_dumpable=2" >> /etc/sysctl.conf $ echo "kernel.core_pattern=core.%e.%p.%t" >> /etc/sysctl.conf $ sysctl -p
接下来，修改 my.cnf 配置文件，增加以下两行内容：
core_file innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file=OFF
然后重启GreatSQL服务进程，即可生效，查询确认下：
mysql> show global variables like '%core%'; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | core_file | ON | | innodb_buffer_pool_in_core_file | OFF | +---------------------------------+-------+
这样设置完成后，需要的话会在 datadir 目录下生成core文件。
2. 制造一个coredump场景
我们可以给mysqld进程发送 SIGSEGV(11) 信号，即可模拟出coredump的场景，例如：
$ kill -s SIGSEGV `pidof mysqld`
这时查看GreatSQL错误日志文件，以及core文件，就会发现有coredump：
$ls -la ... -rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1081147392 Feb 20 22:36 core.mysqld-debug.2658134.1676903816 ... $ less error.log ... 14:36:56 UTC - mysqld got signal 11 ; Most likely, you have hit a bug, but this error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. Build ID: 1f4232b893100742b7c519df2fa714648c2d76d9 Server Version: 8.0.25-16-debug Source distribution Thread pointer: 0x0 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 0 thread_stack 0x80000 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(my_print_stacktrace(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)+0x43) [0x4b04 d26] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(handle_fatal_signal+0x2cb) [0x39a7d22] /lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x12c20) [0x7fc3e669ac20] /lib64/libc.so.6(__poll+0x51) [0x7fc3e45c4a41] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Mysqld_socket_listener::listen_for_connection_event()+0x57) [0x3995195 ] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Connection_acceptor<Mysqld_socket_listener>::connection_event_loop()+0 x30) [0x355a024] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(mysqld_main(int, char**)+0x27d2) [0x354e4a6] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(main+0x20) [0x32de906] /lib64/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf3) [0x7fc3e44f6493] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-16-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(_start+0x2e) [0x32de82e] Please help us make Percona Server better by reporting any bugs at https://bugs.percona.com/ ...
在一线的同学，如果需要向研发寻求支持或报告故障时，可以先参考这篇文章 MySQL报障之coredump收集处理流程，需要采集其他几个信息：
- 故障时刻的error log。
- 故障产生的core文件。
- 如果有general log的话，也采集起来（故障时刻往前约1小时或10万行日志）。
- 导致core发生涉及到的表DDL以及相应的SQL语句，有必要的话，可能还要同时提供真实数据（或样例数据）。
3. 真实故障场景分析跟踪
在GreatSQL 8.0.25-15版本（上一个版本）中，InnoDB并行查询功能在特定场景下存在bug，会导致crash，相应的日志见下：
mysqld-debug: /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc:6047: virtual void Item_field::make_field(Send_field*): Assertion `item_name.is_set()' failed. 01:59:20 UTC - mysqld got signal 6 ; Most likely, you have hit a bug, but this error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware. Build ID: 1f4232b893100742b7c519df2fa714648c2d76d9 Server Version: 8.0.25-debug Source distribution Thread pointer: 0x7fb4a9a0b000 Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find out where mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something went terribly wrong... stack_bottom = 7fb4f7aa53b0 thread_stack 0x80000 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(my_print_stacktrace(unsigned char const*, unsigned long)+0x43) [0x4b04d26] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(handle_fatal_signal+0x2cb) [0x39a7d22] /lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x12c20) [0x7fb5146cac20] /lib64/libc.so.6(gsignal+0x10f) [0x7fb51253a37f] /lib64/libc.so.6(abort+0x127) [0x7fb512524db5] /lib64/libc.so.6(+0x21c89) [0x7fb512524c89] /lib64/libc.so.6(+0x2fa76) [0x7fb512532a76] #<--从这里网上，都是错误信息处理逻辑 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Item_field::make_field(Send_field*)+0x9e) [0x3338758] #<--从这里往下，才是真正触发故障的位置，并记住 "0x3338758" 这个指针 /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(THD::send_result_metadata(mem_root_deque<Item*> const&, unsigned int)+0x19d) [0x36977ab] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_result_send::send_result_set_metadata(THD*, mem_root_deque<Item*> const&, unsigned int)+0x2d) [0x35f3ff9] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_expression::ExecuteIteratorQuery(THD*)+0x1f1) [0x38d057b] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Query_expression::execute(THD*)+0xed) [0x38d0d7d] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner(THD*)+0x1c1) [0x381db25] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(Sql_cmd_dml::execute(THD*)+0x5c7) [0x381cfab] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(mysql_execute_command(THD*, bool)+0x565c) [0x37a1a2b] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(dispatch_sql_command(THD*, Parser_state*, bool)+0x769) [0x37a3a1d] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(dispatch_command(THD*, COM_DATA const*, enum_server_command)+0x1491) [0x3799819] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug(do_command(THD*)+0x51c) [0x3797c48] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug() [0x3991168] /usr/local/GreatSQL-8.0.25-Linux-glibc2.28-x86_64/bin/mysqld-debug() [0x52e4b22] /lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0x817a) [0x7fb5146c017a] /lib64/libc.so.6(clone+0x43) [0x7fb5125ffdc3] Trying to get some variables. Some pointers may be invalid and cause the dump to abort. Query (7fb4a9a65028): SELECT ... FROM t1 WHERE ... #<-- 这是触发bug的SQL语句 Connection ID (thread ID): 8 Status: NOT_KILLED
按照上面所说的方法，我们采集了所有相关信息，并能在测试环境重现上述故障。
接下来，我们利用gdb来定位分析问题原因：
$ gdb path/bin/mysqld-debug path/core.mysqld-debug.2657287.1657270311 GNU gdb (GDB) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2-4.el8 ... Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"... Reading symbols from ./bin/mysqld-debug... ... [New LWP 2675795] [New LWP 2675825] [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] Using host libthread_db library "/lib64/libthread_db.so.1". --Type <RET> for more, q to quit, c to continue without paging-- Core was generated by `./bin/mysqld-debug --defaults-extra-file=./my.cnf'. Program terminated with signal SIGABRT, Aborted. #0 __pthread_kill (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pthread_kill.c:56 56 return (INTERNAL_SYSCALL_ERROR_P (val, err) [Current thread is 1 (Thread 0x7fb4f7aa7700 (LWP 2676055))] (gdb) (gdb) b *0x3338758 #<-- 上面记下的指针值，前面加个 "*" 号，在这里打上断点 Breakpoint 1 at 0x3338758: file /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc, line 6048. #<-- 指向可能触发问题的源码位置 (gdb) (gdb) bt #<-- 打印详细backtrace信息 #0 __pthread_kill (threadid=<optimized out>, signo=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/pthread_kill.c:56 #1 0x0000000004b04f1d in my_write_core (sig=6) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/mysys/stacktrace.cc:409 #2 0x00000000039a7f84 in handle_fatal_signal (sig=6) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/signal_handler.cc:199 #3 <signal handler called> #4 __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:50 #5 0x00007fb512524db5 in __GI_abort () at abort.c:79 #6 0x00007fb512524c89 in __assert_fail_base (fmt=0x7fb51268d698 "%s%s%s:%u: %s%sAssertion `%s' failed.\n%n", assertion=0x57a1835 "item_name.is_set()", file=0x57a1400 "/opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc", line=6047, function=<optimized out>) at assert.c:92 #7 0x00007fb512532a76 in __GI___assert_fail (assertion=0x57a1835 "item_name.is_set()", file=0x57a1400 "/opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc", line=6047, function=0x57a3a40 "virtual void Item_field::make_field(Send_field*)") at assert.c:101 #8 0x0000000003338758 in Item_field::make_field (this=0x7fb4a9b5bcf8, tmp_field=0x7fb4f7aa2380) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/item.cc:6047 #9 0x00000000036977ab in THD::send_result_metadata (this=0x7fb4a9a0b000, list=..., flags=5) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_class.cc:2824 #10 0x00000000035f3ff9 in Query_result_send::send_result_set_metadata (this=0x7fb4a9a0fda0, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, list=..., flags=5) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/query_result.cc:76 #11 0x00000000038d057b in Query_expression::ExecuteIteratorQuery (this=0x7fb4a9a65178, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_union.cc:1150 #12 0x00000000038d0d7d in Query_expression::execute (this=0x7fb4a9a65178, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_union.cc:1321 #13 0x000000000381db25 in Sql_cmd_dml::execute_inner (this=0x7fb4a9a0fd68, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_select.cc:814 #14 0x000000000381cfab in Sql_cmd_dml::execute (this=0x7fb4a9a0fd68, thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_select.cc:585 #15 0x00000000037a1a2b in mysql_execute_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, first_level=true) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:4684 #16 0x00000000037a3a1d in dispatch_sql_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, parser_state=0x7fb4f7aa41d0, update_userstat=false) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:5284 #17 0x0000000003799819 in dispatch_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000, com_data=0x7fb4f7aa5370, command=COM_QUERY) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:1940 #18 0x0000000003797c48 in do_command (thd=0x7fb4a9a0b000) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/sql_parse.cc:1388 #19 0x0000000003991168 in handle_connection (arg=0x7fb4ba094500) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/sql/conn_handler/connection_handler_per_thread.cc:307 #20 0x00000000052e4b22 in pfs_spawn_thread (arg=0x7fb511e44320) at /opt/greatsql-8.0.25/storage/perfschema/pfs.cc:2899 #21 0x00007fb5146c017a in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at pthread_create.c:479 #22 0x00007fb5125ffdc3 in clone () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone.S:95
有了这些信息，研发同学再去跟踪定位问题根源就会方便很多。
本文简单演示了如何利用core文件去跟踪定位分析可能导致crash的原因，更多有趣实用的方法还有待进一步挖掘，一起探索新世界吧。
