一般自定义view需要重写的方法
void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh)
void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
一般自定义ViewGroup需要重新的方法
void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh)
void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom)
void onDraw(Canvas canvas)
可以看出,自定义ViewGroup时必须要重写onLayout()方法(依次排列子view),而自定义View没有子View,所以不需要onLayout(),后面会分别给出自定义View和自定义ViewGroup的例子.
在网上看到一张View的生命周期图,觉得还不错:
先来看下自定义View的作用:
1.在onMeasure中根据测量模式和ViewGroup给出的建议宽和高,计算出自己的宽和高;
2.在onDraw中绘制自己的形态。
绘制自定义View时,如果需要自定义属性,可以在res/values的目录下创建一个attr.xml(名字可以任意起),如:
<declare-styleable name="ColorCircleView">
<attr name="circle_color" format="color" />
<attr name="stroke_width" format="integer" />
</declare-styleable>
我们定义了自定义属性名字和取值类型,format类型有
string,color,demension,integer,enum,reference,float,boolean,fraction,flag
然后在构造函数中获得自定义属性:
//获取自定义属性
TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ColorCircleView);
int cirlceColor = ta.getColor(R.styleable.ColorCircleView_circle_color, Color.RED);
int stokeWidth = ta.getInt(R.styleable.ColorCircleView_stroke_width, 10);
ta.recycle();
在XML中使用自定义属性,如:
<org.ninetripods.mq.ColorCircleView
android:layout_width="90dp"
android:layout_height="90dp"
custom:circle_color="#3F51B5"
custom:stroke_width="20" />
别忘了在XML最上面加上:xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
接下来看下他的几个常用方法:
onMeasure
MeasureSpec是View的一个内部类,一般用到它的MeasureSpecMode(测量模式)和Size(测量大小),其中MeasureSpecMode有以下三种模式:
UNSPECIFIED:
The parent has not imposed any constraint on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
父view对子view没有任何限制,子view可以是任何大小
EXACTLY:
The parent has determined an exact size for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless of how big it wants to be.
父view已经强制设置了子view的大小,一般是MATCH_PARENT和固定值
AT_MOST:
The child can be as large as it wants up to the specified size.
子view限制在一个最大范围内,一般是WARP_CONTENT
最后测量完成后通过setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) 将测量的宽高回传给父View。
onSizeChanged
在onMeasure()后执行,只有大小发生了变化才会执行onSizeChange
onDraw
系统给我们提供了空白的Canvas空白画布,我们可以通过Canvas和Paint来绘制我们想要的图形。
注:onDraw()函数可能会多次调用,所以避免在onDraw()函数中去new 对象
自定义View例子,先上图:
代码已上传到github:自定义View(饼状图)
核心代码(代码中有详细注释):
public class CakeView extends View {
//装载的饼状圆数据
private List<CakeBean> beanList;
//画圆的矩形
private RectF mRectF;
//右边的小矩形
private RectF iRectF;
private Paint mPaint;
private int mRWidth, mRHeight;
private float rotateDegree;//每个圆弧的起始角度
private float sumValue = 0;//所有值的和
private float diameter;//圆的直径
private float textY;//绘制文字的Y坐标
private float mRectHeight = 40;//矩形高度
private float mRectWidth = 80;//矩形宽度
private float mMargin = 40;//矩形和圆的距离
private Context mContext;
public CakeView(Context context) {
//CakeView cakeView=new CakeView(context);
// 在代码中new CakeView()会调用这个构造函数
this(context, null);
}
public CakeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
//InflateLayoutManager时会调用这个构造函数
this(context, attrs, 0);
}
public CakeView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
mContext = context;
init();
}
private void init() {
beanList = new ArrayList<>();
mRectF = new RectF();
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
mPaint.setDither(true); }
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//MeasureSpec封装了父View传递给子View的布局要求
//宽度测量模式
int wMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
//宽度测量值
int wSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
//高度测量模式
int hMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
//高度测量值
int hSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
switch (wMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
//相当于match_parent或者一个具体值
mRWidth = wSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
// 相当于wrap_content ,需要手动测量大小,这里先写死大小
mRWidth = (int) DpUtil.dp2px(mContext, 400f);
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
//很少会用到
break;
default:
break;
}
switch (hMode) {
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
//相当于match_parent或者一个具体值
mRHeight = hSize;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
// 相当于wrap_content ,需要手动测量大小,这里先写死大小
mRHeight = (int) DpUtil.dp2px(mContext, 200f);
break;
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
//很少会用到
break;
default:
break;
}
//存储测量好的宽和高
setMeasuredDimension(wSize, hSize);
}
@Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);
diameter = Math.min(mRWidth, mRHeight);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
//设置圆形绘制的范围
mRectF.set(0, 0, diameter, diameter);
//画布中心X坐标向右移动(控件宽度-圆直径)之差的八分之一的距离
//画布中心Y坐标向下移动(控件宽度-圆直径)之差的二分之一的距离
canvas.translate((mRWidth - diameter) / 8, (mRHeight - diameter) / 2);
if (beanList.size() > 0 && Float.compare(sumValue, 0.0f) != 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < beanList.size(); i++) {
CakeBean bean = beanList.get(i);
//画圆弧
mPaint.setColor(bean.mColor);
canvas.drawArc(mRectF, rotateDegree, bean.degree, true, mPaint);
rotateDegree += bean.degree;
//画矩形和文字
drawRectAndText(canvas, bean);
}
}
}
private void drawRectAndText(Canvas canvas, CakeBean bean) {
iRectF = new RectF();
//设置画矩形的范围
float left = diameter + mMargin;
float right = diameter + mMargin + mRectWidth;
float bottom = textY + mRectHeight;
iRectF.set(left, textY, right, bottom);
canvas.drawRect(iRectF, mPaint);
//设置颜色
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
//设置文字大小
mPaint.setTextSize(30);
//画文字
canvas.drawText(bean.name + "(" + new DecimalFormat(".00").format(bean.value / sumValue * 100) + "%)", right + 10, textY + 30, mPaint);
textY += mRectHeight;
}
/**
* 饼状图添加数据
*
* @param beans CakeBean数据
*/
public void setData(List<CakeBean> beans) {
if (beans == null || beans.size() <= 0) return;
for (int i = 0; i < beans.size(); i++) {
CakeBean bean = beans.get(i);
sumValue += bean.value;
}
for (int i = 0; i < beans.size(); i++) {
CakeBean bean = beans.get(i);
bean.degree = bean.value / sumValue * 360;
beanList.add(bean);
}
invalidate();
}
/**
* @param startDegree 设置起始角度
*/ public void setStartDegree(float startDegree) {
this.rotateDegree = startDegree;
invalidate();
}}
自定义View的使用先到这里,自定义ViewGroup接下篇
android自定义View&自定义ViewGroup(下)