1、前期准备
前面讲了微服务的许多概念和简单性对阶段代码。我们本次就系统化的实现一个小型微服务项目,使用电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例来实现。
1.1 技术选型
- maven:3.3.9
- 数据库:MySQL 5.7
- 持久层: SpingData Jpa
- 其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈
1.2 模块设计
springcloud-alibaba
:父工程shop-common
:公共模块【实体类】shop-user
:用户微服务 【端口: 807x】shop-product
:商品微服务 【端口: 808x】shop-order
:订单微服务 【端口: 809x】
1.3 微服务调用
在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为例来 演示微服务的调用:
客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求,在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。
我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者,把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。
在这种场景下,订单微服务就是一个服务消费者, 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
2、创建父工程
创建一个maven工程,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
3、创建基础模块
3.1 导入依赖
创建 shop-common 模块,在pom.xml中添加依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.56</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.2 创建实体类
用户实体类:
//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}
商品实体类:
//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}
订单实体类:
//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long oid;//订单id
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名
}
4、创建用户微服务
步骤:
- 创建模块 导入依赖
- 创建SpringBoot主类
- 加入配置文件
- 创建必要的接口和实现类
新建一个 shop-user
模块,然后进行下面操作:
4.1 创建shop-user模块
依赖于 shop-cmmon
模块
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.2 用户微服务启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class, args); }
}
4.3 创建配置文件
server:
port: 8071
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
5、创建商品微服务
5.1 创建shop_product模块
创建一个名为 shop_product
的模块,并添加springboot依赖,同样依赖于shop-common
:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
5.2 商品微服务启动类
package com.itheima;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class, args); }
}
5.3 创建配置文件
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
5.4 创建ProductDao接口
package com.itheima.dao;
public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}
5.5 创建ProductService接口和实现类
package com.itheima.service.impl;
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}
5.6 创建Controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
@GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
Product product = productService.findByPid(pid); log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product)); return product;
}
}
5.7 启动商品微服务工程
启动商品微服务工程,等到数据库表创建完毕之后,加入测试数据:
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');
5.8 测试
通过浏览器访问服务:
表明,商品微服务已完成,可用。
6、创建订单微服务
6.1 创建shop-order模块
创建一个名为 shop-order
的模块,并添加springboot依赖:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
6.2 订单微服务启动类
package com.itheima;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
}
6.3 创建配置文件
server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?
serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: root
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
6.4 创建OrderDao接口
package com.itheima.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}
6.5 创建OrderService接口和实现类
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Override
public void save(Order order) {
orderDao.save(order);
}
}
6.6 创建RestTemplate
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
6.7 创建Controller
package com.itheima.controller;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
//准备买1件商品
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
log.info(">>客户下单,这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);
}
测试
7、总结
至此,用户微服务、商品微服务、订单微服务都已经简单的搭好了,也能互相调用。但相信大家发现其中的一个点,就是我们把服务提供者的网络地址(ip,端 口)等硬编码到了代码中。
例如:
通过RestTemplate,把服务提供者的网络地址(ip,端 口)等硬编码到了代码中,这样会有什么问题呢?该怎么进行改进呢?大家可以想一下,我们在下篇文章中会解决这个问题。
从这篇文章中,大家可以简单的了解到微服务的架构是怎样的,其中的工程原理以及服务之间的调用等。