🌹作者:云小逸
📝个人主页: 云小逸的主页
📝Github: 云小逸的Github
🤟motto:要敢于一个人默默的面对自己， ==强大自己才是核心==。不要等到什么都没有了，才下定决心去做。种一颗树，最好的时间是十年前，其次就是现在！学会自己和解，与过去和解，努力爱自己。==希望春天来之前，我们一起面朝大海，春暖花开！==🤟
👏专栏：C++👏 👏专栏：Java语言👏
👏专栏：C语言初阶👏👏专栏：数据结构👏👏专栏：Liunx学习👏

@TOC

前言

今天我们开始进行Linux知识的学习，这篇文章主要是承接上一篇文章【Linux常见指令大全（一）】继续书写Linux的基本指令！！！本系列的Linux的指令操作都是在云服务器上操作的。
——————————————————————————————
首先先写上几句话：献给坚持创作的我和点开这篇文章希望进步的你
1.无论你在寻找什么，亲情，友情，或爱情，终其一生，其实你都是一个人，极少有人能真正的像你一样理解你自己，哪怕是亲人，朋友或恋人，他们只能辅助你去理解自己，你唯一的人生课题就是找到自己。

2.不懂得爱自己的人，是没办法爱别人的。某些时候，怜悯不是爱，纵容不是爱，正确的爱是刚柔并济，褒贬具存的，是懒惰时的严厉，哭泣时的拥抱，懦弱时的鼓励，黑夜里的路灯。爱是让风筝飞行的风，是荒漠里久逢甘露，是戈壁滩种下的树，是暴风雨中飞翔的鸟，是你手中紧紧握住又愿意放出的风筝线，正确的爱不会让任何人痛苦，只会让你的精神和心灵在任何天气里都能走得更远站的更高。

3.有时候最大的伤害都来自于最亲近的人，但是你要记住你很好，而且做你自己就好，也不要怨恨，不要变成自己讨厌的样子，不要一直陷在怪圈里，对伤害最好的反击就是:让伤害到我为止。让伤害到我为止不是打碎牙往肚子里咽，而是我有能力消化离开，将我对美好未来的愿望积累，超过我对过去耿耿于怀的怨恨，不再执着责备，不愿耗费一分，可以忍着痛把它抹零，重新开始。理解过去的根源，消解过去的伤痛，和脱离这个怪圈。不计较是否解气是否公平是否委屈，有能忘却一切的决心和离开重新开始新的生活的勇气。

4.人生能真正有效改变自己的，只有为数不多的十来年，珍惜机遇，尤其是你还年轻的时候，比如读书。

5.每个人的生活都下了雪，尽量自己清扫自己的屋檐，体谅别人的辛苦，原谅偶尔的冷漠，没有人是永不疲惫的超人。但是如果可以，你要尽量力所能及做一个能温暖别人的人， 这种感觉也很好。

​

7.man指令（重要）：

Linux的命令有很多参数，我们不可能全记住，我们可以通过查看联机手册获取帮助。访问Linux手册页的命令是man

语法: man [选项] 命令

常用选项

-k 根据关键字搜索联机帮助
num 只在第num章节找
-a 将所有章节的都显示出来，比如 man printf 它缺省从第一章开始搜索，知道就停止，用a选项，当按 下q退出，他会继续往后面搜索，直到所有章节都搜索完毕。

解释一下,面手册分为8章

1 是普通的命令
2 是系统调用,如open,write之类的(通过这个，至少可以很方便的查到调用这个函数，需要加什么头文 件)
3 是库函数,如printf,fread
4是特殊文件,也就是/dev下的各种设备文件
5 是指文件的格式,比如passwd,
就会说明这个文件中各个字段的含义
6 是给游戏留的,由各个游戏自己定义
7 是附件还有一些变量,比如向environ这种全局变量在这里就有说明
8 是系统管理用的命令,这些命令只能由root使用,如ifconfig

1.man是一个查看命令，系统调用，C接口的一个手册！
2.手册是有编号的。
3.man默认是从1号手册开始查找，找到即停。
4.man可以根据指定手册查找man1/2/3------命令/接口/C

上面是Linux系统对man指令的解释【man man】

8.cp指令（重要）：

语法：cp [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能: 复制文件或目录

说明:

cp指令用于复制文件或目录，如同时指定两个以上的文件或目录，且最后的目的地是一个已经存在的目录，
则它会把前面指定的所有文件或目录复制到此目录中。若同时指定多个文件或目录，而最后的目的地并非一个已存
在的目录，则会出现错误信息

常用选项：

-f 或 --force 强行复制文件或目录， 不论目的文件或目录是否已经存在
-i 或 --interactive 覆盖文件之前先询问用户
-r递归处理，将指定目录下的文件与子目录一并处理。若源文件或目录的形态，不属于目录或符号链 接，则一律视为普通文件处理8处理

cp 拷贝目录和文件，-r -f -i，同rm中的用法。

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.

0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- test.txt

0 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test.txt

3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp test.txt d
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt

4 directories, 2 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp d a
cp: omitting directory ‘d’
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cp -rf d a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   |-- b
|   |   `-- c
|   `-- d
|       `-- test.txt
|-- d
|   `-- test.txt
`-- test.txt

5 directories, 3 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

9.mv指令（重要）：

mv命令是move的缩写，可以用来移动文件或者将文件改名（move (rename) files），是Linux系统下常用的命
令，经常用来备份文件或者目录。

语法: mv [选项] 源文件或目录 目标文件或目录

功能:

1. 视mv命令中第二个参数类型的不同（是目标文件还是目标目录），mv命令将文件重命名或将其移至一个新的

目录中。

1. 当第二个参数类型是文件时，mv命令完成文件重命名，此时，源文件只能有一个（也可以是源目录名），它

将所给的源文件或目录重命名为给定的目标文件名。

1. 当第二个参数是已存在的目录名称时，源文件或目录参数可以有多个，mv命令将各参数指定的源文件均移至

目标目录中。

1.类似剪切功能，move，移动文件或者目录
2.对文件或者目录进行重命名

常用选项：

-f ：force 强制的意思，如果目标文件已经存在，不会询问而直接覆盖
-i ：若目标文件 (destination) 已经存在时，就会询问是否覆盖

举例：

将rm改造成mv
vim ~/.bashrc #修改这个文件
mkdir -p ~/.trash
alias rm=trash
alias ur=undelfile
undelfile() {
mv -i ~/.trash/\$@ ./
}
trash() {
mv $@ ~/.trash/
}

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.

0 directories, 0 files
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# touch test
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir a/b/c 
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘a/b/c’: No such file or directory
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir -p a/b/c
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- test

3 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mkdir s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv test s
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
|-- a
|   `-- b
|       `-- c
`-- s
    `-- test

4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# mv s a
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tree .
.
`-- a
    |-- b
    |   `-- c
    `-- s
        `-- test

4 directories, 1 file
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

10.cat

语法：cat 选项

功能： 查看目标文件的内容

常用选项：

-b 对非空输出行编号
-n 对输出的所有行编号
-s 不输出多行空行

举例：

# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt

打印一千行【hello 106】在test.txt文件里；

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cnt=0; while [ $cnt -le 1000 ] ; do echo "hello 106 [$cnt]"; let cnt++; done > test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
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hello 106 [596]
hello 106 [597]
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hello 106 [627]
hello 106 [628]
hello 106 [629]
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hello 106 [638]
hello 106 [639]
hello 106 [640]
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hello 106 [649]
hello 106 [650]
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hello 106 [665]
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hello 106 [676]
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hello 106 [686]
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hello 106 [689]
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hello 106 [699]
hello 106 [700]
hello 106 [701]
hello 106 [702]
hello 106 [703]
hello 106 [704]
hello 106 [705]
hello 106 [706]
hello 106 [707]
hello 106 [708]
hello 106 [709]
hello 106 [710]
hello 106 [711]
hello 106 [712]
hello 106 [713]
hello 106 [714]
hello 106 [715]
hello 106 [716]
hello 106 [717]
hello 106 [718]
hello 106 [719]
hello 106 [720]
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hello 106 [722]
hello 106 [723]
hello 106 [724]
hello 106 [725]
hello 106 [726]
hello 106 [727]
hello 106 [728]
hello 106 [729]
hello 106 [730]
hello 106 [731]
hello 106 [732]
hello 106 [733]
hello 106 [734]
hello 106 [735]
hello 106 [736]
hello 106 [737]
hello 106 [738]
hello 106 [739]
hello 106 [740]
hello 106 [741]
hello 106 [742]
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hello 106 [744]
hello 106 [745]
hello 106 [746]
hello 106 [747]
hello 106 [748]
hello 106 [749]
hello 106 [750]
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hello 106 [753]
hello 106 [754]
hello 106 [755]
hello 106 [756]
hello 106 [757]
hello 106 [758]
hello 106 [759]
hello 106 [760]
hello 106 [761]
hello 106 [762]
hello 106 [763]
hello 106 [764]
hello 106 [765]
hello 106 [766]
hello 106 [767]
hello 106 [768]
hello 106 [769]
hello 106 [770]
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hello 106 [775]
hello 106 [776]
hello 106 [777]
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hello 106 [780]
hello 106 [781]
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hello 106 [784]
hello 106 [785]
hello 106 [786]
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hello 106 [790]
hello 106 [791]
hello 106 [792]
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hello 106 [796]
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hello 106 [800]
hello 106 [801]
hello 106 [802]
hello 106 [803]
hello 106 [804]
hello 106 [805]
hello 106 [806]
hello 106 [807]
hello 106 [808]
hello 106 [809]
hello 106 [810]
hello 106 [811]
hello 106 [812]
hello 106 [813]
hello 106 [814]
hello 106 [815]
hello 106 [816]
hello 106 [817]
hello 106 [818]
hello 106 [819]
hello 106 [820]
hello 106 [821]
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hello 106 [825]
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hello 106 [827]
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hello 106 [830]
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hello 106 [832]
hello 106 [833]
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hello 106 [838]
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hello 106 [840]
hello 106 [841]
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hello 106 [846]
hello 106 [847]
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hello 106 [850]
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hello 106 [852]
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hello 106 [861]
hello 106 [862]
hello 106 [863]
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hello 106 [865]
hello 106 [866]
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hello 106 [873]
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hello 106 [876]
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hello 106 [883]
hello 106 [884]
hello 106 [885]
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hello 106 [888]
hello 106 [889]
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hello 106 [891]
hello 106 [892]
hello 106 [893]
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hello 106 [896]
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hello 106 [900]
hello 106 [901]
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hello 106 [910]
hello 106 [911]
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hello 106 [920]
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hello 106 [925]
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hello 106 [930]
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hello 106 [937]
hello 106 [938]
hello 106 [939]
hello 106 [940]
hello 106 [941]
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hello 106 [955]
hello 106 [956]
hello 106 [957]
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hello 106 [970]
hello 106 [971]
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hello 106 [978]
hello 106 [979]
hello 106 [980]
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hello 106 [989]
hello 106 [990]
hello 106 [991]
hello 106 [992]
hello 106 [993]
hello 106 [994]
hello 106 [995]
hello 106 [996]
hello 106 [997]
hello 106 [998]
hello 106 [999]
hello 106 [1000]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# cat -n  test.txt
     1    hello 106 [0]
     2    hello 106 [1]
     3    hello 106 [2]
     4    hello 106 [3]
     5    hello 106 [4]
     6    hello 106 [5]
     7    hello 106 [6]
     8    hello 106 [7]
     9    hello 106 [8]
    10    hello 106 [9]
    11    hello 106 [10]
    12    hello 106 [11]
    13    hello 106 [12]
    14    hello 106 [13]
    15    hello 106 [14]
    16    hello 106 [15]
    17    hello 106 [16]
    18    hello 106 [17]
    19    hello 106 [18]
    20    hello 106 [19]
    21    hello 106 [20]
    22    hello 106 [21]
    23    hello 106 [22]
    24    hello 106 [23]
    25    hello 106 [24]
    26    hello 106 [25]
    27    hello 106 [26]
    28    hello 106 [27]
    29    hello 106 [28]
    30    hello 106 [29]
    31    hello 106 [30]
    32    hello 106 [31]
    33    hello 106 [32]
    34    hello 106 [33]
    35    hello 106 [34]
    36    hello 106 [35]
    37    hello 106 [36]
    38    hello 106 [37]
    39    hello 106 [38]
    40    hello 106 [39]
    41    hello 106 [40]
    42    hello 106 [41]
    43    hello 106 [42]
    44    hello 106 [43]
    45    hello 106 [44]
    46    hello 106 [45]
    47    hello 106 [46]
    48    hello 106 [47]
    49    hello 106 [48]
    50    hello 106 [49]
    51    hello 106 [50]
    52    hello 106 [51]
    53    hello 106 [52]
    54    hello 106 [53]
    55    hello 106 [54]
    56    hello 106 [55]
    57    hello 106 [56]
    58    hello 106 [57]
    59    hello 106 [58]
    60    hello 106 [59]
    61    hello 106 [60]
    62    hello 106 [61]
    63    hello 106 [62]
    64    hello 106 [63]
    65    hello 106 [64]
    66    hello 106 [65]
    67    hello 106 [66]
    68    hello 106 [67]
    69    hello 106 [68]
    70    hello 106 [69]
    71    hello 106 [70]
    72    hello 106 [71]
    73    hello 106 [72]
    74    hello 106 [73]
    75    hello 106 [74]
    76    hello 106 [75]
    77    hello 106 [76]
    78    hello 106 [77]
    79    hello 106 [78]
    80    hello 106 [79]
    81    hello 106 [80]
    82    hello 106 [81]
    83    hello 106 [82]
    84    hello 106 [83]
    85    hello 106 [84]
    86    hello 106 [85]
    87    hello 106 [86]
    88    hello 106 [87]
    89    hello 106 [88]
    90    hello 106 [89]
    91    hello 106 [90]
    92    hello 106 [91]
    93    hello 106 [92]
    94    hello 106 [93]
    95    hello 106 [94]
    96    hello 106 [95]
    97    hello 106 [96]
    98    hello 106 [97]
    99    hello 106 [98]
   100    hello 106 [99]
   101    hello 106 [100]
   102    hello 106 [101]
   103    hello 106 [102]
   104    hello 106 [103]
   105    hello 106 [104]
   106    hello 106 [105]
   107    hello 106 [106]
   108    hello 106 [107]
   109    hello 106 [108]
   110    hello 106 [109]
   111    hello 106 [110]
   112    hello 106 [111]
   113    hello 106 [112]
   114    hello 106 [113]
   115    hello 106 [114]
   116    hello 106 [115]
   117    hello 106 [116]
   118    hello 106 [117]
   119    hello 106 [118]
   120    hello 106 [119]
   121    hello 106 [120]
   122    hello 106 [121]
   123    hello 106 [122]
   124    hello 106 [123]
   125    hello 106 [124]
   126    hello 106 [125]
   127    hello 106 [126]
   128    hello 106 [127]
   129    hello 106 [128]
   130    hello 106 [129]
   131    hello 106 [130]
   132    hello 106 [131]
   133    hello 106 [132]
   134    hello 106 [133]
   135    hello 106 [134]
   136    hello 106 [135]
   137    hello 106 [136]
   138    hello 106 [137]
   139    hello 106 [138]
   140    hello 106 [139]
   141    hello 106 [140]
   142    hello 106 [141]
   143    hello 106 [142]
   144    hello 106 [143]
   145    hello 106 [144]
   146    hello 106 [145]
   147    hello 106 [146]
   148    hello 106 [147]
   149    hello 106 [148]
   150    hello 106 [149]
   151    hello 106 [150]
   152    hello 106 [151]
   153    hello 106 [152]
   154    hello 106 [153]
   155    hello 106 [154]
   156    hello 106 [155]
   157    hello 106 [156]
   158    hello 106 [157]
   159    hello 106 [158]
   160    hello 106 [159]
   161    hello 106 [160]
   162    hello 106 [161]
   163    hello 106 [162]
   164    hello 106 [163]
   165    hello 106 [164]
   166    hello 106 [165]
   167    hello 106 [166]
   168    hello 106 [167]
   169    hello 106 [168]
   170    hello 106 [169]
   171    hello 106 [170]
   172    hello 106 [171]
   173    hello 106 [172]
   174    hello 106 [173]
   175    hello 106 [174]
   176    hello 106 [175]
   177    hello 106 [176]
   178    hello 106 [177]
   179    hello 106 [178]
   180    hello 106 [179]
   181    hello 106 [180]
   182    hello 106 [181]
   183    hello 106 [182]
   184    hello 106 [183]
   185    hello 106 [184]
   186    hello 106 [185]
   187    hello 106 [186]
   188    hello 106 [187]
   189    hello 106 [188]
   190    hello 106 [189]
   191    hello 106 [190]
   192    hello 106 [191]
   193    hello 106 [192]
   194    hello 106 [193]
   195    hello 106 [194]
   196    hello 106 [195]
   197    hello 106 [196]
   198    hello 106 [197]
   199    hello 106 [198]
   200    hello 106 [199]
   201    hello 106 [200]
   202    hello 106 [201]
   203    hello 106 [202]
   204    hello 106 [203]
   205    hello 106 [204]
   206    hello 106 [205]
   207    hello 106 [206]
   208    hello 106 [207]
   209    hello 106 [208]
   210    hello 106 [209]
   211    hello 106 [210]
   212    hello 106 [211]
   213    hello 106 [212]
   214    hello 106 [213]
   215    hello 106 [214]
   216    hello 106 [215]
   217    hello 106 [216]
   218    hello 106 [217]
   219    hello 106 [218]
   220    hello 106 [219]
   221    hello 106 [220]
   222    hello 106 [221]
   223    hello 106 [222]
   224    hello 106 [223]
   225    hello 106 [224]
   226    hello 106 [225]
   227    hello 106 [226]
   228    hello 106 [227]
   229    hello 106 [228]
   230    hello 106 [229]
   231    hello 106 [230]
   232    hello 106 [231]
   233    hello 106 [232]
   234    hello 106 [233]
   235    hello 106 [234]
   236    hello 106 [235]
   237    hello 106 [236]
   238    hello 106 [237]
   239    hello 106 [238]
   240    hello 106 [239]
   241    hello 106 [240]
   242    hello 106 [241]
   243    hello 106 [242]
   244    hello 106 [243]
   245    hello 106 [244]
   246    hello 106 [245]
   247    hello 106 [246]
   248    hello 106 [247]
   249    hello 106 [248]
   250    hello 106 [249]
   251    hello 106 [250]
   252    hello 106 [251]
   253    hello 106 [252]
   254    hello 106 [253]
   255    hello 106 [254]
   256    hello 106 [255]
   257    hello 106 [256]
   258    hello 106 [257]
   259    hello 106 [258]
   260    hello 106 [259]
   261    hello 106 [260]
   262    hello 106 [261]
   263    hello 106 [262]
   264    hello 106 [263]
   265    hello 106 [264]
   266    hello 106 [265]
   267    hello 106 [266]
   268    hello 106 [267]
   269    hello 106 [268]
   270    hello 106 [269]
   271    hello 106 [270]
   272    hello 106 [271]
   273    hello 106 [272]
   274    hello 106 [273]
   275    hello 106 [274]
   276    hello 106 [275]
   277    hello 106 [276]
   278    hello 106 [277]
   279    hello 106 [278]
   280    hello 106 [279]
   281    hello 106 [280]
   282    hello 106 [281]
   283    hello 106 [282]
   284    hello 106 [283]
   285    hello 106 [284]
   286    hello 106 [285]
   287    hello 106 [286]
   288    hello 106 [287]
   289    hello 106 [288]
   290    hello 106 [289]
   291    hello 106 [290]
   292    hello 106 [291]
   293    hello 106 [292]
   294    hello 106 [293]
   295    hello 106 [294]
   296    hello 106 [295]
   297    hello 106 [296]
   298    hello 106 [297]
   299    hello 106 [298]
   300    hello 106 [299]
   301    hello 106 [300]
   302    hello 106 [301]
   303    hello 106 [302]
   304    hello 106 [303]
   305    hello 106 [304]
   306    hello 106 [305]
   307    hello 106 [306]
   308    hello 106 [307]
   309    hello 106 [308]
   310    hello 106 [309]
   311    hello 106 [310]
   312    hello 106 [311]
   313    hello 106 [312]
   314    hello 106 [313]
   315    hello 106 [314]
   316    hello 106 [315]
   317    hello 106 [316]
   318    hello 106 [317]
   319    hello 106 [318]
   320    hello 106 [319]
   321    hello 106 [320]
   322    hello 106 [321]
   323    hello 106 [322]
   324    hello 106 [323]
   325    hello 106 [324]
   326    hello 106 [325]
   327    hello 106 [326]
   328    hello 106 [327]
   329    hello 106 [328]
   330    hello 106 [329]
   331    hello 106 [330]
   332    hello 106 [331]
   333    hello 106 [332]
   334    hello 106 [333]
   335    hello 106 [334]
   336    hello 106 [335]
   337    hello 106 [336]
   338    hello 106 [337]
   339    hello 106 [338]
   340    hello 106 [339]
   341    hello 106 [340]
   342    hello 106 [341]
   343    hello 106 [342]
   344    hello 106 [343]
   345    hello 106 [344]
   346    hello 106 [345]
   347    hello 106 [346]
   348    hello 106 [347]
   349    hello 106 [348]
   350    hello 106 [349]
   351    hello 106 [350]
   352    hello 106 [351]
   353    hello 106 [352]
   354    hello 106 [353]
   355    hello 106 [354]
   356    hello 106 [355]
   357    hello 106 [356]
   358    hello 106 [357]
   359    hello 106 [358]
   360    hello 106 [359]
   361    hello 106 [360]
   362    hello 106 [361]
   363    hello 106 [362]
   364    hello 106 [363]
   365    hello 106 [364]
   366    hello 106 [365]
   367    hello 106 [366]
   368    hello 106 [367]
   369    hello 106 [368]
   370    hello 106 [369]
   371    hello 106 [370]
   372    hello 106 [371]
   373    hello 106 [372]
   374    hello 106 [373]
   375    hello 106 [374]
   376    hello 106 [375]
   377    hello 106 [376]
   378    hello 106 [377]
   379    hello 106 [378]
   380    hello 106 [379]
   381    hello 106 [380]
   382    hello 106 [381]
   383    hello 106 [382]
   384    hello 106 [383]
   385    hello 106 [384]
   386    hello 106 [385]
   387    hello 106 [386]
   388    hello 106 [387]
   389    hello 106 [388]
   390    hello 106 [389]
   391    hello 106 [390]
   392    hello 106 [391]
   393    hello 106 [392]
   394    hello 106 [393]
   395    hello 106 [394]
   396    hello 106 [395]
   397    hello 106 [396]
   398    hello 106 [397]
   399    hello 106 [398]
   400    hello 106 [399]
   401    hello 106 [400]
   402    hello 106 [401]
   403    hello 106 [402]
   404    hello 106 [403]
   405    hello 106 [404]
   406    hello 106 [405]
   407    hello 106 [406]
   408    hello 106 [407]
   409    hello 106 [408]
   410    hello 106 [409]
   411    hello 106 [410]
   412    hello 106 [411]
   413    hello 106 [412]
   414    hello 106 [413]
   415    hello 106 [414]
   416    hello 106 [415]
   417    hello 106 [416]
   418    hello 106 [417]
   419    hello 106 [418]
   420    hello 106 [419]
   421    hello 106 [420]
   422    hello 106 [421]
   423    hello 106 [422]
   424    hello 106 [423]
   425    hello 106 [424]
   426    hello 106 [425]
   427    hello 106 [426]
   428    hello 106 [427]
   429    hello 106 [428]
   430    hello 106 [429]
   431    hello 106 [430]
   432    hello 106 [431]
   433    hello 106 [432]
   434    hello 106 [433]
   435    hello 106 [434]
   436    hello 106 [435]
   437    hello 106 [436]
   438    hello 106 [437]
   439    hello 106 [438]
   440    hello 106 [439]
   441    hello 106 [440]
   442    hello 106 [441]
   443    hello 106 [442]
   444    hello 106 [443]
   445    hello 106 [444]
   446    hello 106 [445]
   447    hello 106 [446]
   448    hello 106 [447]
   449    hello 106 [448]
   450    hello 106 [449]
   451    hello 106 [450]
   452    hello 106 [451]
   453    hello 106 [452]
   454    hello 106 [453]
   455    hello 106 [454]
   456    hello 106 [455]
   457    hello 106 [456]
   458    hello 106 [457]
   459    hello 106 [458]
   460    hello 106 [459]
   461    hello 106 [460]
   462    hello 106 [461]
   463    hello 106 [462]
   464    hello 106 [463]
   465    hello 106 [464]
   466    hello 106 [465]
   467    hello 106 [466]
   468    hello 106 [467]
   469    hello 106 [468]
   470    hello 106 [469]
   471    hello 106 [470]
   472    hello 106 [471]
   473    hello 106 [472]
   474    hello 106 [473]
   475    hello 106 [474]
   476    hello 106 [475]
   477    hello 106 [476]
   478    hello 106 [477]
   479    hello 106 [478]
   480    hello 106 [479]
   481    hello 106 [480]
   482    hello 106 [481]
   483    hello 106 [482]
   484    hello 106 [483]
   485    hello 106 [484]
   486    hello 106 [485]
   487    hello 106 [486]
   488    hello 106 [487]
   489    hello 106 [488]
   490    hello 106 [489]
   491    hello 106 [490]
   492    hello 106 [491]
   493    hello 106 [492]
   494    hello 106 [493]
   495    hello 106 [494]
   496    hello 106 [495]
   497    hello 106 [496]
   498    hello 106 [497]
   499    hello 106 [498]
   500    hello 106 [499]
   501    hello 106 [500]
   502    hello 106 [501]
   503    hello 106 [502]
   504    hello 106 [503]
   505    hello 106 [504]
   506    hello 106 [505]
   507    hello 106 [506]
   508    hello 106 [507]
   509    hello 106 [508]
   510    hello 106 [509]
   511    hello 106 [510]
   512    hello 106 [511]
   513    hello 106 [512]
   514    hello 106 [513]
   515    hello 106 [514]
   516    hello 106 [515]
   517    hello 106 [516]
   518    hello 106 [517]
   519    hello 106 [518]
   520    hello 106 [519]
   521    hello 106 [520]
   522    hello 106 [521]
   523    hello 106 [522]
   524    hello 106 [523]
   525    hello 106 [524]
   526    hello 106 [525]
   527    hello 106 [526]
   528    hello 106 [527]
   529    hello 106 [528]
   530    hello 106 [529]
   531    hello 106 [530]
   532    hello 106 [531]
   533    hello 106 [532]
   534    hello 106 [533]
   535    hello 106 [534]
   536    hello 106 [535]
   537    hello 106 [536]
   538    hello 106 [537]
   539    hello 106 [538]
   540    hello 106 [539]
   541    hello 106 [540]
   542    hello 106 [541]
   543    hello 106 [542]
   544    hello 106 [543]
   545    hello 106 [544]
   546    hello 106 [545]
   547    hello 106 [546]
   548    hello 106 [547]
   549    hello 106 [548]
   550    hello 106 [549]
   551    hello 106 [550]
   552    hello 106 [551]
   553    hello 106 [552]
   554    hello 106 [553]
   555    hello 106 [554]
   556    hello 106 [555]
   557    hello 106 [556]
   558    hello 106 [557]
   559    hello 106 [558]
   560    hello 106 [559]
   561    hello 106 [560]
   562    hello 106 [561]
   563    hello 106 [562]
   564    hello 106 [563]
   565    hello 106 [564]
   566    hello 106 [565]
   567    hello 106 [566]
   568    hello 106 [567]
   569    hello 106 [568]
   570    hello 106 [569]
   571    hello 106 [570]
   572    hello 106 [571]
   573    hello 106 [572]
   574    hello 106 [573]
   575    hello 106 [574]
   576    hello 106 [575]
   577    hello 106 [576]
   578    hello 106 [577]
   579    hello 106 [578]
   580    hello 106 [579]
   581    hello 106 [580]
   582    hello 106 [581]
   583    hello 106 [582]
   584    hello 106 [583]
   585    hello 106 [584]
   586    hello 106 [585]
   587    hello 106 [586]
   588    hello 106 [587]
   589    hello 106 [588]
   590    hello 106 [589]
   591    hello 106 [590]
   592    hello 106 [591]
   593    hello 106 [592]
   594    hello 106 [593]
   595    hello 106 [594]
   596    hello 106 [595]
   597    hello 106 [596]
   598    hello 106 [597]
   599    hello 106 [598]
   600    hello 106 [599]
   601    hello 106 [600]
   602    hello 106 [601]
   603    hello 106 [602]
   604    hello 106 [603]
   605    hello 106 [604]
   606    hello 106 [605]
   607    hello 106 [606]
   608    hello 106 [607]
   609    hello 106 [608]
   610    hello 106 [609]
   611    hello 106 [610]
   612    hello 106 [611]
   613    hello 106 [612]
   614    hello 106 [613]
   615    hello 106 [614]
   616    hello 106 [615]
   617    hello 106 [616]
   618    hello 106 [617]
   619    hello 106 [618]
   620    hello 106 [619]
   621    hello 106 [620]
   622    hello 106 [621]
   623    hello 106 [622]
   624    hello 106 [623]
   625    hello 106 [624]
   626    hello 106 [625]
   627    hello 106 [626]
   628    hello 106 [627]
   629    hello 106 [628]
   630    hello 106 [629]
   631    hello 106 [630]
   632    hello 106 [631]
   633    hello 106 [632]
   634    hello 106 [633]
   635    hello 106 [634]
   636    hello 106 [635]
   637    hello 106 [636]
   638    hello 106 [637]
   639    hello 106 [638]
   640    hello 106 [639]
   641    hello 106 [640]
   642    hello 106 [641]
   643    hello 106 [642]
   644    hello 106 [643]
   645    hello 106 [644]
   646    hello 106 [645]
   647    hello 106 [646]
   648    hello 106 [647]
   649    hello 106 [648]
   650    hello 106 [649]
   651    hello 106 [650]
   652    hello 106 [651]
   653    hello 106 [652]
   654    hello 106 [653]
   655    hello 106 [654]
   656    hello 106 [655]
   657    hello 106 [656]
   658    hello 106 [657]
   659    hello 106 [658]
   660    hello 106 [659]
   661    hello 106 [660]
   662    hello 106 [661]
   663    hello 106 [662]
   664    hello 106 [663]
   665    hello 106 [664]
   666    hello 106 [665]
   667    hello 106 [666]
   668    hello 106 [667]
   669    hello 106 [668]
   670    hello 106 [669]
   671    hello 106 [670]
   672    hello 106 [671]
   673    hello 106 [672]
   674    hello 106 [673]
   675    hello 106 [674]
   676    hello 106 [675]
   677    hello 106 [676]
   678    hello 106 [677]
   679    hello 106 [678]
   680    hello 106 [679]
   681    hello 106 [680]
   682    hello 106 [681]
   683    hello 106 [682]
   684    hello 106 [683]
   685    hello 106 [684]
   686    hello 106 [685]
   687    hello 106 [686]
   688    hello 106 [687]
   689    hello 106 [688]
   690    hello 106 [689]
   691    hello 106 [690]
   692    hello 106 [691]
   693    hello 106 [692]
   694    hello 106 [693]
   695    hello 106 [694]
   696    hello 106 [695]
   697    hello 106 [696]
   698    hello 106 [697]
   699    hello 106 [698]
   700    hello 106 [699]
   701    hello 106 [700]
   702    hello 106 [701]
   703    hello 106 [702]
   704    hello 106 [703]
   705    hello 106 [704]
   706    hello 106 [705]
   707    hello 106 [706]
   708    hello 106 [707]
   709    hello 106 [708]
   710    hello 106 [709]
   711    hello 106 [710]
   712    hello 106 [711]
   713    hello 106 [712]
   714    hello 106 [713]
   715    hello 106 [714]
   716    hello 106 [715]
   717    hello 106 [716]
   718    hello 106 [717]
   719    hello 106 [718]
   720    hello 106 [719]
   721    hello 106 [720]
   722    hello 106 [721]
   723    hello 106 [722]
   724    hello 106 [723]
   725    hello 106 [724]
   726    hello 106 [725]
   727    hello 106 [726]
   728    hello 106 [727]
   729    hello 106 [728]
   730    hello 106 [729]
   731    hello 106 [730]
   732    hello 106 [731]
   733    hello 106 [732]
   734    hello 106 [733]
   735    hello 106 [734]
   736    hello 106 [735]
   737    hello 106 [736]
   738    hello 106 [737]
   739    hello 106 [738]
   740    hello 106 [739]
   741    hello 106 [740]
   742    hello 106 [741]
   743    hello 106 [742]
   744    hello 106 [743]
   745    hello 106 [744]
   746    hello 106 [745]
   747    hello 106 [746]
   748    hello 106 [747]
   749    hello 106 [748]
   750    hello 106 [749]
   751    hello 106 [750]
   752    hello 106 [751]
   753    hello 106 [752]
   754    hello 106 [753]
   755    hello 106 [754]
   756    hello 106 [755]
   757    hello 106 [756]
   758    hello 106 [757]
   759    hello 106 [758]
   760    hello 106 [759]
   761    hello 106 [760]
   762    hello 106 [761]
   763    hello 106 [762]
   764    hello 106 [763]
   765    hello 106 [764]
   766    hello 106 [765]
   767    hello 106 [766]
   768    hello 106 [767]
   769    hello 106 [768]
   770    hello 106 [769]
   771    hello 106 [770]
   772    hello 106 [771]
   773    hello 106 [772]
   774    hello 106 [773]
   775    hello 106 [774]
   776    hello 106 [775]
   777    hello 106 [776]
   778    hello 106 [777]
   779    hello 106 [778]
   780    hello 106 [779]
   781    hello 106 [780]
   782    hello 106 [781]
   783    hello 106 [782]
   784    hello 106 [783]
   785    hello 106 [784]
   786    hello 106 [785]
   787    hello 106 [786]
   788    hello 106 [787]
   789    hello 106 [788]
   790    hello 106 [789]
   791    hello 106 [790]
   792    hello 106 [791]
   793    hello 106 [792]
   794    hello 106 [793]
   795    hello 106 [794]
   796    hello 106 [795]
   797    hello 106 [796]
   798    hello 106 [797]
   799    hello 106 [798]
   800    hello 106 [799]
   801    hello 106 [800]
   802    hello 106 [801]
   803    hello 106 [802]
   804    hello 106 [803]
   805    hello 106 [804]
   806    hello 106 [805]
   807    hello 106 [806]
   808    hello 106 [807]
   809    hello 106 [808]
   810    hello 106 [809]
   811    hello 106 [810]
   812    hello 106 [811]
   813    hello 106 [812]
   814    hello 106 [813]
   815    hello 106 [814]
   816    hello 106 [815]
   817    hello 106 [816]
   818    hello 106 [817]
   819    hello 106 [818]
   820    hello 106 [819]
   821    hello 106 [820]
   822    hello 106 [821]
   823    hello 106 [822]
   824    hello 106 [823]
   825    hello 106 [824]
   826    hello 106 [825]
   827    hello 106 [826]
   828    hello 106 [827]
   829    hello 106 [828]
   830    hello 106 [829]
   831    hello 106 [830]
   832    hello 106 [831]
   833    hello 106 [832]
   834    hello 106 [833]
   835    hello 106 [834]
   836    hello 106 [835]
   837    hello 106 [836]
   838    hello 106 [837]
   839    hello 106 [838]
   840    hello 106 [839]
   841    hello 106 [840]
   842    hello 106 [841]
   843    hello 106 [842]
   844    hello 106 [843]
   845    hello 106 [844]
   846    hello 106 [845]
   847    hello 106 [846]
   848    hello 106 [847]
   849    hello 106 [848]
   850    hello 106 [849]
   851    hello 106 [850]
   852    hello 106 [851]
   853    hello 106 [852]
   854    hello 106 [853]
   855    hello 106 [854]
   856    hello 106 [855]
   857    hello 106 [856]
   858    hello 106 [857]
   859    hello 106 [858]
   860    hello 106 [859]
   861    hello 106 [860]
   862    hello 106 [861]
   863    hello 106 [862]
   864    hello 106 [863]
   865    hello 106 [864]
   866    hello 106 [865]
   867    hello 106 [866]
   868    hello 106 [867]
   869    hello 106 [868]
   870    hello 106 [869]
   871    hello 106 [870]
   872    hello 106 [871]
   873    hello 106 [872]
   874    hello 106 [873]
   875    hello 106 [874]
   876    hello 106 [875]
   877    hello 106 [876]
   878    hello 106 [877]
   879    hello 106 [878]
   880    hello 106 [879]
   881    hello 106 [880]
   882    hello 106 [881]
   883    hello 106 [882]
   884    hello 106 [883]
   885    hello 106 [884]
   886    hello 106 [885]
   887    hello 106 [886]
   888    hello 106 [887]
   889    hello 106 [888]
   890    hello 106 [889]
   891    hello 106 [890]
   892    hello 106 [891]
   893    hello 106 [892]
   894    hello 106 [893]
   895    hello 106 [894]
   896    hello 106 [895]
   897    hello 106 [896]
   898    hello 106 [897]
   899    hello 106 [898]
   900    hello 106 [899]
   901    hello 106 [900]
   902    hello 106 [901]
   903    hello 106 [902]
   904    hello 106 [903]
   905    hello 106 [904]
   906    hello 106 [905]
   907    hello 106 [906]
   908    hello 106 [907]
   909    hello 106 [908]
   910    hello 106 [909]
   911    hello 106 [910]
   912    hello 106 [911]
   913    hello 106 [912]
   914    hello 106 [913]
   915    hello 106 [914]
   916    hello 106 [915]
   917    hello 106 [916]
   918    hello 106 [917]
   919    hello 106 [918]
   920    hello 106 [919]
   921    hello 106 [920]
   922    hello 106 [921]
   923    hello 106 [922]
   924    hello 106 [923]
   925    hello 106 [924]
   926    hello 106 [925]
   927    hello 106 [926]
   928    hello 106 [927]
   929    hello 106 [928]
   930    hello 106 [929]
   931    hello 106 [930]
   932    hello 106 [931]
   933    hello 106 [932]
   934    hello 106 [933]
   935    hello 106 [934]
   936    hello 106 [935]
   937    hello 106 [936]
   938    hello 106 [937]
   939    hello 106 [938]
   940    hello 106 [939]
   941    hello 106 [940]
   942    hello 106 [941]
   943    hello 106 [942]
   944    hello 106 [943]
   945    hello 106 [944]
   946    hello 106 [945]
   947    hello 106 [946]
   948    hello 106 [947]
   949    hello 106 [948]
   950    hello 106 [949]
   951    hello 106 [950]
   952    hello 106 [951]
   953    hello 106 [952]
   954    hello 106 [953]
   955    hello 106 [954]
   956    hello 106 [955]
   957    hello 106 [956]
   958    hello 106 [957]
   959    hello 106 [958]
   960    hello 106 [959]
   961    hello 106 [960]
   962    hello 106 [961]
   963    hello 106 [962]
   964    hello 106 [963]
   965    hello 106 [964]
   966    hello 106 [965]
   967    hello 106 [966]
   968    hello 106 [967]
   969    hello 106 [968]
   970    hello 106 [969]
   971    hello 106 [970]
   972    hello 106 [971]
   973    hello 106 [972]
   974    hello 106 [973]
   975    hello 106 [974]
   976    hello 106 [975]
   977    hello 106 [976]
   978    hello 106 [977]
   979    hello 106 [978]
   980    hello 106 [979]
   981    hello 106 [980]
   982    hello 106 [981]
   983    hello 106 [982]
   984    hello 106 [983]
   985    hello 106 [984]
   986    hello 106 [985]
   987    hello 106 [986]
   988    hello 106 [987]
   989    hello 106 [988]
   990    hello 106 [989]
   991    hello 106 [990]
   992    hello 106 [991]
   993    hello 106 [992]
   994    hello 106 [993]
   995    hello 106 [994]
   996    hello 106 [995]
   997    hello 106 [996]
   998    hello 106 [997]
   999    hello 106 [998]
  1000    hello 106 [999]
  1001    hello 106 [1000]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# 

**cat指令是从第一行打印文本内容！！！
tac是逆序打印文本内容
但是两者不还是会查看大文本，适合小文本或者代码片段！**

11.more指令

语法：more 选项

功能：more命令，功能类似 cat

常用选项：

-n 对输出的所有行编号
q 退出more

举例：

[atong@LiWenTong ~]$ ls -l / | more
total 162
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Apr 25 05:39 bin
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 1024 Apr 25 04:11boot
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 3820 May 4 23:20 dev
drwxr-xr-x 84 root root 4096 May 5 00:37 etc

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# more -10 test.txt
# 打印文本的前十行
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
hello 106 [7]
hello 106 [8]
hello 106 [9]
--More--(0%)

12.less指令（重要）

less 工具也是对文件或其它输出进行分页显示的工具，应该说是linux正统查看文件内容的工具，功能极其强大。 less 的用法比起
more 更加的有弹性。在 more 的时候，我们并没有办法向前面翻， 只能往后面看 但若使用了 less 时，就可以使用
pageup 等按键的功能来往前往后翻看文件，更容易用 来查看一个文件的内容！ 除此之外，在 less
里头可以拥有更多的搜索功能，不止可以向下搜，也可以向上搜

。

语法： less [参数] 文件

功能：

less与more类似，但使用less可以随意浏览文件，而more仅能向前移动，却不能向后移动，而且less在查看之前
不会加载整个文件。

选项：

-i 忽略搜索时的大小写
-N 显示每行的行号
/字符串：向下搜索“字符串”的功能
?字符串：向上搜索“字符串”的功能
n：重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关）
N：反向重复前一个搜索（与 / 或 ? 有关） q:quit

less  test.txt

使用less查看的时候，可以上下键进行查看
less和more适合查看大文本

可以在光标处输入/然后再输入你想查找的东西即可

13.head指令

head 与 tail 就像它的名字一样的浅显易懂，它是用来显示开头或结尾某个数量的文字区块，head 用来显示档案的 开头至标准输出中，而
tail 想当然尔就是看档案的结尾。

语法： head [参数]... [文件]...

功能：

head 用来显示档案的开头至标准输出中，默认head命令打印其相应文件的开头10行。

选项：

-n<行数> 显示的行数

14.tail指令

tail 命令从指定点开始将文件写到标准输出.使用tail命令的-f选项可以方便的查阅正在改变的日志文件,tail - ffilename会把filename里最尾部的内容显示在屏幕上,并且不但刷新,使你看到最新的文件内容.

语法： tail必要参数[文件]

功能： 用于显示指定文件末尾内容，不指定文件时，作为输入信息进行处理。常用查看日志文件。

选项：

-f 循环读取
-n<行数> 显示行数

举例：（简单讲解重定向和管道）

有一个文件共有100行内容，请取出第50行内容<br>
seq 1 100 > test # 生成1到100的序列装入test
方法1 head -n50 test > tmp #将前50行装入临时文件tmp
tail -n1 tmp #得到中建行
方法2 head -n50 test | tail -n1

【取前三和后三】

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# less  test.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -3 test.txt
hello 106 [0]
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 test.txt
hello 106 [998]
hello 106 [999]
hello 106 [1000]

【输出中间三个】

1.临时文件的方案：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt > tem.txt
[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# tail -3 tem.txt
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

【>】重定向符将内容写入后面的文本文件中

2.管道：

[root@VM-4-9-centos KongQing]# head -101 test.txt | tail -3
hello 106 [98]
hello 106 [99]
hello 106 [100]

并逆置，提前前三行

最后

十分感谢你可以耐着性子把它读完和我可以坚持写到这里，送几句话，对你，也对我：

1.有时候你可以自私，你不必坚强，你可以哭泣，你可以做任何别人无法理解的事情来发泄你的烦恼(别犯法)，当你休息好，要记得再出发。

2.很多成就，大的成就小的成就，都是在痛苦，挫折，困难中收获的。只做简单的事情，你没法成长也很正常。

3.注意健康，好好活着。来人间一趟不容易。

4.当你害怕时不要退缩，我劝你迎难而上，如果你是个小朋友，在学校被人揍了，一定要当场给我揍回去，但是反击适当，不要太重。哪怕打不过，下一次他揍你之前也会好好想想。如果你不反击，他连想都不会想。

5.如果有一天，让你心动的再也感动不了你，让你愤怒的再也激怒不了你，让你悲伤的再也不能让你流泪，你便知道这时光、这生活给了你什么，你为了成长，付出了什么。

最后如果觉得我写的还不错，请不要忘记==点赞==✌，==收藏==✌，加==关注==✌哦(｡･ω･｡)

愿我们一起加油，奔向更美好的未来，愿我们从懵懵懂懂的一枚==菜鸟==逐渐成为==大佬==。加油，为自己点赞！
​

​