SpringMVC中的视图是View接口，视图的作用是渲染数据，将模型Model中的数据展示给用户
SpringMVC视图的种类很多，默认有转发视图和重定向视图
当工程引入jstl的依赖，转发视图会自动转换为JstlView
若使用的视图技术为Thymeleaf，在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置了Thymeleaf的视图解析器，由此视图解析器之后所得到的是ThymeleafvView
1、ThymeleafView：
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称没有任何前缀时，此时的视图名称会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，视图名称拼接视图前缀和视图后缀所得到的的最终路径，会通过转发的方式实现跳转
文档结构：
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> //配置编码过滤器 <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceResponseEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> //配置springMVC的前端控制器DispatcherServlet <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
springMVC.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 开启组件扫描--> <context:component-scan base-package="demo.controller"></context:component-scan> <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver"> <property name="order" value="1"/> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/> <property name="templateEngine"> <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine"> <property name="templateResolver"> <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver"> <!-- 视图前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/> <!-- 视图后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".html"/> <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/> <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8" /> </bean> </property> </bean> </property> </bean> </beans>
编写ViewController.java:
package demo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class ViewController { @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView") public String testThymeleafView(){ return "success"; } }
编写view_test.html，作为入口：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a th:href="@{testThymeleafView}">测试ThymeleafView</a> </body> </html>
成功跳转到的页面success.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> success </body> </html>
view_test.html的入口index.html:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1 th:href="@{/index}">首页</h1> <a th:href="@{/testModelAndView}">测试ModelAndView</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/testModel}">测试Model</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/testMap}">测试Map</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/testModelMap}">测试ModelMap</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/testSession}">测试Session</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/testApplication}">测试Application</a> <br> <a th:href="@{/test_view}">测试ThymeleafView</a> <br> </body> </html>
专门用来处理跳转的控制器TestController.java:
package demo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import java.util.Map; @Controller public class TestController { @RequestMapping(value = "/") public String index(){ return "index"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/test_view") public String test_view(){ return "test_view"; } }
运行：
先进入首页：
点击 测试ThymeleafView：
TestController使他跳转到test_view.html
再点击：
ViewController使他跳转到success.html
2、转发视图
SpringMVC中默认的转发视图是InternalResourceView
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"forward:"为前缀时，创建InternalResourceView视图，此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，而是会将前缀"forward:"去掉，剩余部分作为最终路径通过转发的方式实现跳转
ViewController.java:
package demo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class ViewController { @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView") public String testThymeleafView(){ //没有前缀，会被ThymeLeafView解析 return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/testForward") public String testForward(){ //转发给上面的方法testThymeleafView() return "forward:/testThymeleafView"; } }
test_view.html:
<a th:href="@{testForward}">测试Forward</a> <br>
运行结果：
3、重定向视图：
SpringMVC中默认的重定向视图是RedirectView
当控制器方法中所设置的视图名称以"redirect:"为前缀时，创建RedirectView视图，此时的视图名称不会被SpringMVC配置文件中所配置的视图解析器解析，而是会将前缀"redirect:"去掉，剩余部分作为最终路径通过重定向的方式实现跳转
package demo.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class ViewController { @RequestMapping("/testThymeleafView") public String testThymeleafView(){ //没有前缀，会被ThymeLeafView解析 return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/testForward") public String testForward(){ //转发给上面的方法testThymeleafView() return "forward:/testThymeleafView"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/testRedirect") public String testRedirect(){ //重定向给上面的方法testThymeleafView() return "redirect:/testThymeleafView"; } }
<a th:href="@{testRedirect}">测试Redirect</a> <br>
运行结果：
注意：这里的地址栏与转发请求的不同
