xml
方式
- beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="car" class="com.my.source.spring.start.xmlconfig.Car"> <constructor-arg name="brand" value="my"/> <constructor-arg name="wheel" ref="wheel"/> <property name="name" value="my-car"/> </bean> <bean id="wheel" class="com.my.source.spring.start.xmlconfig.Wheel"> <property name="name" value="my-wheel"/> </bean> </beans>
- bean
public class Wheel { private String name; public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Wheel{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + '}'; } }
public class Car { private String name; private String brand; private Wheel wheel; public Car(String brand, Wheel wheel){ this.brand = brand; this.wheel = wheel; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Car{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", brand='" + brand + '\'' + ", wheel=" + wheel + '}'; } }
- Main
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); System.out.println(context.getBean("car")); } }
Java
注解方式
@Bean
public class Person {}
public class Boy { public Boy(){ System.out.println("Boy was init!"); } }
public class BoyFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Boy> { public BoyFactoryBean(){ System.out.println("BoyFactoryBean was init!"); } //返回Bean的对象 @Override public Boy getObject() throws Exception { return new Boy(); } //返回Bean的类型 @Override public Class<?> getObjectType() { return Boy.class; } //是否单例 @Override public boolean isSingleton() { return true; } }
@Configuration public class MainConfig { @Bean(value = "person") //@Scope(value = "prototype") //@Lazy public Person person1(){ return new Person(); } @Bean public BoyFactoryBean boyFactoryBean(){ return new BoyFactoryBean(); } }
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MainConfig.class); System.out.println(context.getBean("person")); System.out.println(context.getBean("boyFactoryBean")); } }
@ComponentScan
@Repository public class MyDao {}
@Service public class MyService {}
@Controller public class MyController {}
- 一般使用
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.my.source.spring.start.scan"}) @Configuration public class MainConfig { }
- 使用排除过滤器
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.my.source.spring.start.scan"}, excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class}), @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, value = {MyService.class})}) @Configuration public class MainConfig { //此配置将排除使用Controller注解扫描的类和MyService类 }
FilterType
详细说明
public enum FilterType { //指定注解形式 ANNOTATION, //指定的类型 ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, //ASPECTJ形式的 ASPECTJ, //正则 REGEX, //自定义 CUSTOM }
- 使用自定义的过滤器
@Component public class User {}
public class MyTypeFilter implements TypeFilter { @Override public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException { //获取当前类的注解信息 AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata(); //获取当前类的类信息 ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata(); //获取当前类的资源信息 Resource resource = metadataReader.getResource(); if ("com.my.source.spring.start.scan.User".equals(annotationMetadata.getClassName())) { return true; } return false; } }
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.my.source.spring.start.scan"}, includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, value = {MyTypeFilter.class})}, useDefaultFilters = false)//为false表示只使用上面声明了的filter,不使用Spring自带的过滤器 @Configuration public class MainConfig { }
@Import
@Import注解支持三种导入方式
- 普通的组件
public class Man { public Man(){ System.out.println("Man was init!"); } }
@Import({Man.class}) @Configuration public class MainConfig { }
- 实现
ImportSelector
接口
public class Child { public Child(){ System.out.println("Child was init!"); } }
public class MyImport implements ImportSelector { @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) { return new String[]{"com.my.source.spring.start.forimport.Child"}; } }
@Import({MyImport.class}) @Configuration public class MainConfig { }
- 实现
ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
接口
public class Baby { public Baby(){ System.out.println("Baby was init!"); } }
public class MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar { @Override public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) { BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(Baby.class); registry.registerBeanDefinition("my-baby",beanDefinition); } }
@Import({MyImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar.class}) @Configuration public class MainConfig { }
@Conditional
public class Father { public Father(){ System.out.println("Father was init!"); } }
public class Son { public Son(Father father){ System.out.println("has father! " + father); System.out.println("Son was init!"); } }
public class MyCondition implements Condition { @Override public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) { return context.getBeanFactory().containsBean("father"); } }
@Configuration public class MainConfig { // @Bean public Father father(){ return new Father(); } @Bean @Conditional(MyCondition.class) public Son son(Father father){ return new Son(father); } }
当Father注入到容器中时,Son才会注入
@Autowired
@Repository public class UserDao { }
@Service public class UserService { //自动注入 @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Override public String toString() { return "UserService{" + "userDao=" + userDao + '}'; } }
@Controller public class UserController { private UserService userService; //set方式注入 @Autowired public void setUserService(UserService userService){ this.userService = userService; } //构造器注入 @Autowired public UserController(UserService userService){ this.userService = userService; } @Override public String toString() { return "UserController{" + "userService=" + userService + '}'; } }
@PropertySource
- student.properties
name=张三 age=18 score=91.5
public class Student { @Value("${name}") private String name; @Value("${age}") private int age; @Value("${score}") private BigDecimal score; @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + ", score=" + score + '}'; } }
@Configuration @PropertySource(value = {"classpath:student.properties"} , encoding = "UTF-8") public class MainConfig { @Bean public Student student(){ return new Student(); } }
实现xxxAware接口获取Spring 底层组件
@Component public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware, BeanNameAware { public ApplicationContext applicationContext; @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException { this.applicationContext = applicationContext; } @Override public void setBeanName(String name) { System.out.println("current bean name is :【"+name+"】"); } }
Bean的初始化和销毁方法
- 使用@Bean注解指定init和destroy方法
public class People { public void init(){ System.out.println("people be born !"); } public People(){ System.out.println("People.People"); } public void destroy(){ System.out.println("people die !"); } }
@Configuration public class MainConfig { @Bean(initMethod = "init", destroyMethod = "destroy") public People people() { return new People(); } }
- 实现InitializingBean, DisposableBean接口
public class Person implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean { @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { System.out.println("Person be born !"); } public Person(){ System.out.println("Person.Person"); } @Override public void destroy() throws Exception { System.out.println("Person die !"); } }
- 使用@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解
public class Banana { @PostConstruct public void init(){ System.out.println("Banana.init"); } public Banana(){ System.out.println("Banana.Banana"); } @PreDestroy public void destroy(){ System.out.println("Banana.destroy"); } }
- 实现BeanPostProcessor接口在bean初始化前后实现自定义逻辑
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { /** * 在init方法前调用 */ @Override public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("MyBeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization ===== "+ beanName); return bean; } /** * 在init方法后调用 */ @Override public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException { System.out.println("MyBeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization ===== " + beanName); return bean; } }
- Spring bean初始化时的部分源码
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) { //调用postProcessBeforeInitialization方法 wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); } try { //执行初始化方法 invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd); } catch (Throwable ex) { throw new BeanCreationException( (mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null), beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex); } if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) { //调用postProcessAfterInitialization方法 wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName); }
通过依赖查找的方式一次性注入多个组件
public interface MyService { void doService(); }
@Service public class OneMyServiceImpl implements MyService { @Override public void doService() { System.out.println("OneServiceImpl.doService"); } }
@Service public class TwoMyServiceImpl implements MyService { @Override public void doService() { System.out.println("TwoServiceImpl.doService"); } }
@Service public class ThreeMyServiceImpl implements MyService { @Override public void doService() { System.out.println("ThreeServiceImpl.doService"); } }
@Component public class Business { private final Map<String, MyService> serviceMap; public Business(Map<String, MyService> serviceMap) { this.serviceMap = serviceMap; } public void doBusiness(){ serviceMap.forEach((key,service)->{ service.doService(); }); } }