1 源码路径

selenium/webdriver/common/proxy.py

2 功能说明

• 使用代理来规避一些反爬虫策略；

3 引入原因

• selenium webdriver测试或进行爬虫时，如果未在目标服务的白名单内，随着爬取的频率增多会被禁止访问目标服务;
• 目标服务的反爬虫策略相对完善的情况下，容易将selenium的爬取给禁止;
• 采用分布式selenium爬取方式时，也会很容易的被禁止爬取；

综上，所以Proxy类提供了一些反爬虫策略，

4 代理类型

• 源码：

class ProxyType:
    """
    Set of possible types of proxy.

    Each proxy type has 2 properties:
       'ff_value' is value of Firefox profile preference,
       'string' is id of proxy type.
    """

    DIRECT = ProxyTypeFactory.make(0, 'DIRECT')  # Direct connection, no proxy (default on Windows).
    MANUAL = ProxyTypeFactory.make(1, 'MANUAL')  # Manual proxy settings (e.g., for httpProxy).
    PAC = ProxyTypeFactory.make(2, 'PAC')  # Proxy autoconfiguration from URL.
    RESERVED_1 = ProxyTypeFactory.make(3, 'RESERVED1')  # Never used.
    AUTODETECT = ProxyTypeFactory.make(4, 'AUTODETECT')  # Proxy autodetection (presumably with WPAD).
    SYSTEM = ProxyTypeFactory.make(5, 'SYSTEM')  # Use system settings (default on Linux).
    UNSPECIFIED = ProxyTypeFactory.make(6, 'UNSPECIFIED')  # Not initialized (for internal use).

• 说明：

5 代理类型模式或属性

class ProxyTypeFactory:
    """
    Factory for proxy types.
    """

    @staticmethod
    def make(ff_value, string):
        return {'ff_value': ff_value, 'string': string}

6 各种代理实现

• 源码：

class Proxy(object):
    """
    Proxy contains information about proxy type and necessary proxy settings.
    """

    proxyType = ProxyType.UNSPECIFIED
    autodetect = False
    ftpProxy = ''
    httpProxy = ''
    noProxy = ''
    proxyAutoconfigUrl = ''
    sslProxy = ''
    socksProxy = ''
    socksUsername = ''
    socksPassword = ''

• 说明：每种代理，都是通过两个方法来实现，先返回代理设置，然后再对代理进行具体的值设置，如下：

@property
    def http_proxy(self):
        """
        Returns http proxy setting.
        """
        return self.httpProxy

    @http_proxy.setter
    def http_proxy(self, value):
        """
        Sets http proxy setting.

        :Args:
         - value: The http proxy value.
        """
        self._verify_proxy_type_compatibility(ProxyType.MANUAL)
        self.proxyType = ProxyType.MANUAL
        self.httpProxy = value

7 实例说明

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile import FirefoxProfile

profile = FirefoxProfile()
# 设置成手动代理
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.type", 1)
# 设置代理ip
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http", "ip")
# 设置代理端口
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.http_port", port)
# 协议默认共用此ip、端口
profile.set_preference("network.proxy.share_proxy_settings", True)
# 启动配置
driver= webdriver.Firefox(profile)
# 打开浏览器
driver.get('xxxxx')