前言
本节我们将要学习如何实现setter 注入。此博文是学习刘欣老师《从零开始造Spring》的学习笔记。
为啥要实现setter 注入
在上一篇博客中我们实现了Bean实例的生成,但是 Bean与Bean之间的依赖关系我们还没有实现,例如:当A类(Bean) 依赖于B类(Bean)时,我们就需要将B类的实例注入到A类中。常见的注入方式有三种:
- setter 注入
- 构造器注入
- 接口注入
接口注入不常用,此处我们主要实现setter注入和构造器注入。首先,我们这篇博客主要讲的就是如何实现setter注入。
数据结构的表达
xml中的配置
<bean id="petStoreService" class="com.jay.spring.service.v2.PetStoreService"> <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/> <property name="itemDao" ref="itemDao"/> <property name="owner" value="xiangwei"/> <property name="version" value="2"/> </bean> <bean id="accountDao" class="com.jay.spring.dao.v2.AccountDao"></bean> <bean id="itemDao" class="com.jay.spring.dao.v2.ItemDao"/>
思考:我们使用BeanDefinition表达了<bean>标签中的id,class。 那么对于property 怎么表达?ref 怎么表达? value 怎么表达?
我们新建一个PropertyValue类用于存放<property> 标签中的name和 ref 或者value。
类图如下:
如果是ref 类型的我们还需要将其实例名保存到RuntimeBeanReference中,如果是value 类型的我们需要将其值保存到TypedStringValue 中
关键代码实例
GenericBeanDefinition 类,存放property的数据结构
public class GenericBeanDefinition implements BeanDefinition{ private String beanClassName; private List<PropertyValue> propertyValueList = new ArrayList<PropertyValue>(); public String getBeanClassName() { return this.beanClassName; } @Override public List<PropertyValue> getPropertyValues() { return this.propertyValueList; } }
XmlBeanDefinitionReader 类,主要用于解析xml,读取其中的配置
public class XmlBeanDefinitionReader { public static final String PROPERTY_ELEMENT = "property"; public static final String REF_ATTRIBUTE = "ref"; public static final String VALUE_ATTRIBUTE = "value"; public static final String NAME_ATTRIBUTE = "name"; public void parsePropertyElement(Element beanElem, BeanDefinition bd) { Iterator iterator = beanElem.elementIterator(PROPERTY_ELEMENT); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Element propElem = (Element) iterator.next(); // 取出name 元素 String propertyName = propElem.attributeValue(NAME_ATTRIBUTE); // 元素如果为空直接返回 if (!StringUtils.hasLength(propertyName)) { logger.fatal("Tag 'property' must have a 'name' attribute"); return; } Object val = parsePropertyValue(propElem, bd, propertyName); PropertyValue pv = new PropertyValue(propertyName, val); bd.getPropertyValues().add(pv); } } public Object parsePropertyValue(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd, String propertyName) { String elementName = (propertyName != null) ? "<property> element for property '" + propertyName + "'" : "<constructor-arg> element"; //分别取出ref属性和value属性。 boolean hasRefAttribute = (ele.attribute(REF_ATTRIBUTE) != null); boolean hasValueAttribute = (ele.attribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE) != null); if (hasRefAttribute) { String refName = ele.attributeValue(REF_ATTRIBUTE); if (!StringUtils.hasText(refName)) { logger.error(elementName + " contains empty 'ref' attribute"); } RuntimeBeanReference ref = new RuntimeBeanReference(refName); return ref; } else if (hasValueAttribute) { TypedStringValue typedStringValue = new TypedStringValue(ele.attributeValue(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE)); return typedStringValue; } else { throw new RuntimeException(elementName + " must specify a ref or value"); } } }
读取出来ref 或者value之后,我们如何将其实例化呢?对此我们新建了一个类BeanDefinitionValueResolve来处理value 的值。
代码如下:
public class BeanDefinitionValueResolve { private final BeanFactory beanFactory; public BeanDefinitionValueResolve(BeanFactory beanFactory) { this.beanFactory = beanFactory; } public Object resolveValueIfNecessary(Object value) { if (value instanceof RuntimeBeanReference) { RuntimeBeanReference ref = (RuntimeBeanReference) value; String refName = ref.getBeanName(); Object bean = this.beanFactory.getBean(refName); return bean; } else if (value instanceof TypedStringValue) { return ((TypedStringValue) value).getValue(); } else { throw new RuntimeException("the value " + value + " has not implemented"); } } }
那么如果获取bean,并且设置属性呢:
关键代码如下:(DefaultBeanFactory类中)
public Object createBean(BeanDefinition bd) { // 创建实例 Object bean = instantiateBean(bd); //设置属性 populateBean(bd, bean); // populateBeanUseCommonBeanUtils(bd,bean); return bean; } private Object instantiateBean(BeanDefinition bd) { ClassLoader beanClassLoader = this.getBeanClassLoader(); String beanClassName = bd.getBeanClassName(); try { Class<?> clz = beanClassLoader.loadClass(beanClassName); return clz.newInstance(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new BeanCreationException("create bean for "+ beanClassName +" failed",e); } } /** * 调用set方法进行setter注入 * @param bd * @param bean */ protected void populateBean(BeanDefinition bd, Object bean) { // 获取一个bean下所有的PropertyValue List<PropertyValue> pvs = bd.getPropertyValues(); if (pvs == null || pvs.isEmpty()) { return; } // 实例化BeanDefinitionValueResolve,并传入当前的DefaultBeanFactory BeanDefinitionValueResolve valueResolve = new BeanDefinitionValueResolve(this); SimpleTypeCoverter coverter = new SimpleTypeCoverter(); try { for (PropertyValue pv : pvs) { String propertyName = pv.getName(); //对于ref来说就是beanName,对于value 来说就是value Object originalValue = pv.getValue(); Object resolvedValue = valueResolve.resolveValueIfNecessary(originalValue); // 假设现在originalValue表示的是ref=accountDao,已经通过resolve得到了accountDao对象,接下来 // 如何调用petStoreService的setAccountDao方法? // 注释:使用到了java.beans 中的Introspector类拿到bean的相关信息,包括其属性,方法 BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(bean.getClass()); PropertyDescriptor[] pds = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors(); for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) { if (pd.getName().equals(propertyName)) { Object convertedValue = coverter.convertIfNecessary(resolvedValue, pd.getPropertyType()); //通过反射的方式调用set方法 pd.getWriteMethod().invoke(bean, convertedValue); break; } } } } catch (Exception e) { throw new BeanCreationException("Failed to obtain BeanInfo for class["+bd.getBeanClassName()+"]",e); } }
调试如下:
类型转化
类图如下:
解析说明:
TypeConverter 类型转化接口,将传入的值转化为其需要的类型。
SimpleTypeCoverter 是TypeConverter接口的一个实现。其依赖于java.beans中的PropertyEditor,其类似于java GUI中的编程,例如:拖拽一个button, 然后,设置其颜色,长度,宽度,这些都属于button的属性,在java.beans中将这些抽象成了一个PropertyEditor 接口。 setAsText(), 例如button 的高度,值是什么跟属性的类型密切相关。
代码示例
public class CustomNumberEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport { private final Class<? extends Number> numberClass; private final boolean allowEmpty; private final NumberFormat numberFormat; public CustomNumberEditor(Class<? extends Number> numberClass, boolean allowEmpty) { this(numberClass, allowEmpty,null); } public CustomNumberEditor(Class<? extends Number> numberClass, boolean allowEmpty, NumberFormat numberFormat) { if (numberClass == null || !Number.class.isAssignableFrom(numberClass)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property class must be a subclass of Number"); } this.numberClass = numberClass; this.allowEmpty = allowEmpty; this.numberFormat = numberFormat; } @Override public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (this.allowEmpty && !StringUtils.hasText(text)) { setValue(null); } else if (this.numberFormat != null) { setValue(NumberUtils.parseNumber(text, this.numberClass, this.numberFormat)); } else { setValue(NumberUtils.parseNumber(text, this.numberClass)); } } public void setValue(Object value) { if (value instanceof Number) { super.setValue(NumberUtils.convertNumberToTargetClass((Number) value, this.numberClass)); } else { super.setValue(value); } } public String getAsText() { Object value = getValue(); if (value == null) { return ""; } else if (this.numberFormat != null) { return this.numberFormat.format(value); } else { return value.toString(); } } }
SimpleTypeConverter 类
/** * 值的类型转化 * @param value 3 * @param requiredType Integer.class * @param <T> * @return * @throws TypeMismatchException */ @Override public <T> T convertIfNecessary(Object value, Class<T> requiredType) throws TypeMismatchException { // 值能不能直接赋值呢,能,直接返回 if (ClassUtils.isAssignableValue(requiredType, value)) { return (T) value; } else { // 只支持字符串 if (value instanceof String) { PropertyEditor defaultEditor = findDefaultEditor(requiredType); try { defaultEditor.setAsText((String) value); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { //非法参数异常 throw new TypeMismatchException(value, requiredType); } return (T) defaultEditor.getValue(); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Todo : can't convert value for "+value +" class:"+requiredType); } } } private PropertyEditor findDefaultEditor(Class<?> requiredType) { // 查找DefaultEditor PropertyEditor defaultEditor = this.getDefaultEditor(requiredType); if (defaultEditor == null) { throw new RuntimeException("Editor for" + requiredType + "has not been implemented"); } return defaultEditor; } public PropertyEditor getDefaultEditor(Class<?> requiredType) { if (defaultEditors == null) { createDefaultEditors(); } return defaultEditors.get(requiredType); } private void createDefaultEditors() { this.defaultEditors = new HashMap<Class<?>, PropertyEditor>(64); this.defaultEditors.put(boolean.class, new CustomBooleanEditor(false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Boolean.class, new CustomBooleanEditor(true)); this.defaultEditors.put(int.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Integer.class, false)); this.defaultEditors.put(Integer.class, new CustomNumberEditor(Integer.class, true)); }
———————————-分割线——————————————————–
使用common-beanutil设置bean的属性
说明: Commons BeanUtils 类的
BeanUtils.setProperty(bean, propertyName,propertyValue)
bean : java对象,例如petStoreService
propertyName,例如: “version”,”accountDao”
propertyValue,例如:3, accountDao对象
代码示例
private void populateBeanUseCommonBeanUtils(BeanDefinition bd, Object bean) { List<PropertyValue> pvs = bd.getPropertyValues(); if (pvs == null || pvs.isEmpty()) { return; } BeanDefinitionValueResolve valueResolve = new BeanDefinitionValueResolve(this); try { for (PropertyValue pv : pvs) { String propertyName = pv.getName(); Object originalValue = pv.getValue(); Object resolve = valueResolve.resolveValueIfNecessary(originalValue); BeanUtils.copyProperty(bean, propertyName, resolve); } } catch (Exception e) { throw new BeanDefinitionException("Populate bean property failed for["+bd.getBeanClassName()+""); } }
———————-答疑总结—————————-
职责分离的问题:解析的时候只做解析的事,不要做额外的工作。
Open Close 对修改封闭,对扩展开放,例如:AbstractApplicationContext。流程定下来了。通过
public abstract Resource getResourceByPath(String configFile);
进行扩展。
3. 单一职责
4. 对接口编程,不对实现编程
5. 优先使用组合。
6. 现在PropertyValue中value有两种类型,是否可以封装成两种PropertyValue
RuntimeBeanReferencePropertyValue和TypedStringValuePropertyValue呢?
答:
1. PropertyValue类中新增一个resolve的抽象方法
public abstract Object resolve(BeanFactory beanFactory);
1.RuntimeBeanReferencePropertyValue类
public class RuntimeBeanReferencePropertyValue extends PropertyValue { public RuntimeBeanReferencePropertyValue(String name,String value) { this.name = name; this.value = value; } @Override public Object resolve(BeanFactory factory) { return factory.getBean(name); } }
TypedStringValuePropertyValue类
public class TypedStringValuePropertyValue extends PropertyValue { public TypedStringValuePropertyValue(String name,String value) { this.name = name; this.value = value; } @Override public Object resolve(BeanFactory factory) { return value; } }
XmlBeanDefinitionReader中做的修改
public PropertyValue parsePropertyValue(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd, String propertyName) { String elementName = (propertyName != null) ? "<property> element for property '" + propertyName + "'" : "<constructor-arg> element"; boolean hasRefAttribute = (ele.attribute(REF_ATTRIBUTE) != null); boolean hasValueAttribute = (ele.attribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE) != null); if (hasRefAttribute) { String refName = ele.attributeValue(REF_ATTRIBUTE); if (!StringUtils.hasText(refName)) { logger.error(elementName + " contains empty 'ref' attribute"); } PropertyValue ref = new RuntimeBeanReferencePropertyValue(ele.attributeValue(NAME_ATTRIBUTE),refName); return ref; } else if (hasValueAttribute) { PropertyValue typedStringValue = new TypedStringValuePropertyValue(ele.attributeValue(NAME_ATTRIBUTE),ele.attributeValue(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE)); return typedStringValue; } else { throw new RuntimeException(elementName + " must specify a ref or value"); } }
参考源代码
https://github.com/XWxiaowei/spring-learn/releases/tag/testcase-3