练习2.77
我们首先来看看题目中描述的问题，当Louis Reasoner试着求值(magnitude z)时，程序中不断的寻找。一开始是通过apply-generic、而后是map，最后是get。这三个函数在书中都有很好的解释，我自知才疏学浅就不介绍了。最后一步的get中，最后由于找不到匹配的参数而返回了#f。而在Alyssa的程序中则不然。具体请看代码。
(define (install-rectangular-package)
(define (real-part z) (car z))
(define (imag-part z) (cdr z))
(define (make-from-real-imag x y) (cons x y))
(define (magnitude z)
(sqrt (+ (square (real-part z))
(square (imag-part z)))))
(define (angle z)
(atan (imag-part z) (real-part z)))
(define (make-from-mag-ang r a)
(cons (* r (cos a)) (* r (sin a))))
(define (tag x) (attach-tag 'rectangular x))
(put 'real-part '(rectangular) real-part)
(put 'imag-part '(rectangular) imag-part)
(put 'magnitude '(rectangular) magnitude)
(put 'angle '(rectangular) angle)
(put 'make-from-real-imag 'rectangular
(lambda (x y) (tag (make-from-real-imag x y))))
(put 'make-from-mag-ang 'rectangular
(lambda (r a) (tag (make-from-mag-ang r a))))
'done)
(define (make-from-real-imag x y)
((get 'make-from-real-imag 'rectangular) x y))
(define (install-polar-package)
(define (magnitude z) (car z))
(define (angle z) (cdr z))
(define (make-from-mag-ang r a) (cons r a))
(define (real-part z)
(* (magnitude z) (cos (angle z))))
(define (imag-part z)
(* (magnitude z) (sin (angle z))))
(define (make-from-real-imag x y)
(cons (sqrt (+ (square x) (square y)))
(atan y x)))
(define (tag x) (attach-tag 'polar x))
(put 'real-part '(polar) real-part)
(put 'imag-part '(polar) imag-part)
(put 'magnitude '(polar) magnitude)
(put 'angle '(polar) angle)
(put 'make-from-real-imag 'polar
(lambda (x y) (tag (make-from-real-imag x y))))
(put 'make-from-mag-ang 'polar
(lambda (r a) (tag (make-from-mag-ang r a))))
'done)
(define (make-from-mag-ang r a)
((get 'make-from-mag-ang 'polar) r a))apply-generic 函数：
(define (apply-generic op . args)
(let ((type-tags (map type-tag args)))
(let ((proc (get op type-tags)))
(if proc
(apply proc (map contents args))
(error "No method for these types -- APPLY-GENERIC" (list op type-tags))))))
magnitude 、 angle 等四个通用选择器：
(define (real-part z) (apply-generic 'real-part z))
(define (imag-part z) (apply-generic 'imag-part z))
(define (magnitude z) (apply-generic 'magnitude z))
(define (angle z) (apply-generic 'angle z))
复数包：
(define (install-complex-package)
(define (make-from-real-imag x y)
((get 'make-from-real-imag 'rectangular) x y))
(define (make-from-mag-ang r a)
((get 'make-from-mag-ang 'polar) r a))
(define (add-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-real-imag (+ (real-part z1) (real-part z2))
(+ (imag-part z1) (imag-part z2))))
(define (sub-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-real-imag (- (real-part z1) (real-part z2))
(- (imag-part z1) (imag-part z2))))
(define (mul-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-mag-ang (* (magnitude z1) (magnitude z2))
(+ (angle z1) (angle z2))))
(define (div-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-mag-ang (/ (magnitude z1) (magnitude z2))
(- (angle z1) (angle z2))))
(define (tag z)
(attach-tag 'complex z))
(put 'add '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (add-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'sub '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (sub-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'mul '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (mul-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'div '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (div-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'make-from-real-imag 'complex
(lambda (x y)
(tag (make-from-real-imag x y))))
(put 'make-from-mag-ang 'complex
(lambda (x y)
(tag (make-from-mag-ang x y))))
'done)
(define (make-complex-from-real-imag x y)
((get 'make-from-real-imag 'complex) x y))
(define (make-complex-from-mag-ang r a)
((get 'make-from-mag-ang 'complex) r a))put 函数和 get 函数：
(define operation-table (make-table))
(define get (operation-table 'lookup-proc))
(define put (operation-table 'insert-proc!))标识（tag）处理函数：
(define (attach-tag type-tag contents)
(cons type-tag contents))
(define (type-tag datum)
(if (pair? datum)
(car datum)
(error "Bad tagged datum -- TYPE-TAG" datum)))
(define (contents datum)
(if (pair? datum)
(cdr datum)
(error "Bad tagged datum -- CONTENTS" datum)))(install-rectangular-package)
(install-polar-package)
(install-complex-package)修改过的复数包：
(define (install-complex-package)
(define (make-from-real-imag x y)
((get 'make-from-real-imag 'rectangular) x y))
(define (make-from-mag-ang r a)
((get 'make-from-mag-ang 'polar) r a))
(define (add-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-real-imag (+ (real-part z1) (real-part z2))
(+ (imag-part z1) (imag-part z2))))
(define (sub-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-real-imag (- (real-part z1) (real-part z2))
(- (imag-part z1) (imag-part z2))))
(define (mul-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-mag-ang (* (magnitude z1) (magnitude z2))
(+ (angle z1) (angle z2))))
(define (div-complex z1 z2)
(make-from-mag-ang (/ (magnitude z1) (magnitude z2))
(- (angle z1) (angle z2))))
(define (tag z)
(attach-tag 'complex z))
(put 'add '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (add-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'sub '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (sub-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'mul '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (mul-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'div '(complex complex)
(lambda (z1 z2)
(tag (div-complex z1 z2))))
(put 'make-from-real-imag 'complex
(lambda (x y)
(tag (make-from-real-imag x y))))
(put 'make-from-mag-ang 'complex
(lambda (r a)
(tag (make-from-mag-ang r a))))
(put 'real-part '(complex) real-part)
(put 'imag-part '(complex) imag-part)
(put 'magnitude '(complex) magnitude)
(put 'angle '(complex) angle)
'done)
(define (make-complex-from-real-imag x y)
((get 'make-from-real-imag 'complex) x y))
(define (make-complex-from-mag-ang r a)
((get 'make-from-mag-ang 'complex) r a))练习2.78
这道题要求我们修改type-tag、contents和attach-tag的定义使我们的通用算术系统可以利用Scheme的内部类型系统。也就是说将一个数字传递给make-scheme-number后返回的是scheme-number . 1(此处传入的是1)。更改之后的则不需要scheme-number这一部分了。
(define (attach-tag type-tag contents)
(if (number? contents)
contents
(cons type-tag contents)))
(define (type-tag datum)
(cond ((number? datum)
‘scheme-number)
((pair? datum)
(car datum))
(else
(error “Bad tagged datum – TYPE-TAG” datum))))
(define (contents datum)
(cond ((number? datum)
datum)
((pair? datum)
(cdr datum))
(else
(error “Bad tagged datum – CONTENT” datum)))install-scheme-number-package相关代码在书中第129页代码，这里load一下即可。
(install-scheme-number-package)
;Value: done
(define ten (make-scheme-number 10))
;Value: ten
ten
;Value: 10
(contents ten)
;Value: 10
(type-tag ten)
;Value: scheme-number
(add ten ten)
;Value: 20感谢访问，希望对您有所帮助。 欢迎关注或收藏、评论或点赞。
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