Description
Given a singly linked list where elements are sorted in ascending order, convert it to a height balanced BST.
For this problem, a height-balanced binary tree is defined as a binary tree in which the depth of the two subtrees of every node never differ by more than 1.
Example:
Given the sorted linked list: [-10,-3,0,5,9],
One possible answer is: [0,-3,9,-10,null,5], which represents the following height balanced BST:
0 / \ -3 9 / / -10 5
描述
给定一个链表,其中元素按升序排序,将其转换为高度平衡的BST。
对于这个问题,高度平衡的二叉树被定义为:二叉树中每个节点的两个子树的深度从不相差超过1。
例:
给定排序数组:[ - 10,-3,0,5,9],
一个可能的答案是:[0,-3,9,-10,null,5],它代表以下高度平衡的BST:
0 / \ -3 9 / / -10 5
思路
- 此题目与108题类似,只不过给定的原始数据由108题的数组,变成了链表,链表的元素不支持随机访问,导致取中间值不能够通过索引来取得.
- 这里着重说明以下取链表中间值的操作:我们用两个指针slow和fast,slow指针每次向后走一个位置,fast指针每次向后走两个位置,当fast到达末尾时,slow就到达了中间位置.
- 注意结束条件:由于fast指针是被允许走到end位置的,于是就不能用fast.next.next == end 来作为结束条件.由于fast指针每次能够向后走两步,于是fast.enxt == end 时就应该结束循环,fast == end 时 也应该结束循环.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Author: 何睿 # @Create Date: 2018-12-30 13:57:09 # @Last Modified by: 何睿 # @Last Modified time: 2018-12-30 15:47:35 class ListNode: def __init__(self, x): self.val = x self.next = None # Definition for a binary tree node. class TreeNode: def __init__(self, x): self.val = x self.left = None self.right = None class Solution: def sortedListToBST(self, head): """ :type head: ListNode :rtype: TreeNode """ if not head: return None return self.recursion(head, None) # 链表从start开始,到end结束,左闭右开,[start,end),包括start节点,不包括end节点 def recursion(self, start, end): # 取中间值作为当前根节点 middle = self.serachmid(start, end) # 递归结束条件,当left大于right时,返回空节点 if not middle: return None # 声明根节点 root = TreeNode(middle.val) # 生成左子树 leftree = self.recursion(start, middle) # 生成右子树 rightree = self.recursion(middle.next, end) root.left = leftree root.right = rightree # 返回根节点 return root # 寻找中间值 def serachmid(self, start, end): # 搜索一个链表的中间值 if start == end: return None if start.next == end: return start slow, fast = start, start.next # 因为fast每次需要向后走两步,而fast.next.next == end时,fast是被允许走到end的 # 于是就不能用fast.next.enxt == end 作为结条件,结束条件为fast.next != end and fast !=end: while fast and fast.next and fast.next != end and fast !=end: slow = slow.next fast = fast.next.next return slow
源代码文件在这里.