正文
外观模式(Facade)
外观模式是为了解决类与类之家的依赖关系的,像 spring 一样,可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中,而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个 Facade 类中,降低了类类之间的耦合度,该模式中没有涉及到接口,看下类图:我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例)
我们先看下实现类:
public class CPU { public void startup() { System.out.println("cpu startup!"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("cpu shutdown!"); } }
public class Memory { public void startup(){ System.out.println("memory startup!"); } public void shutdown(){ System.out.println("memory shutdown!"); } }
public class Disk { public void startup(){ System.out.println("disk startup!"); } public void shutdown(){ System.out.println("disk shutdown!"); } }
public class Computer { private CPU cpu; private Memory memory; private Disk disk; public Computer() { cpu = new CPU(); memory = new Memory(); disk = new Disk(); } public void startup() { System.out.println("start the computer!"); cpu.startup(); memory.startup(); disk.startup(); System.out.println("start computer finished!"); } public void shutdown() { System.out.println("begin to close the computer!"); cpu.shutdown(); memory.shutdown(); disk.shutdown(); System.out.println("computer closed!"); } }
User 类如下: public class User { public static void main(String[] args) { Computer computer = new Computer(); computer.startup(); computer.shutdown(); } }
输出: start the computer! cpu startup! memory startup! disk startup! start computer finished! begin to close the computer! cpu shutdown! memory shutdown! disk shutdown! computer closed!
如果我们没有 Computer 类,那么,CPU、Memory、Disk 他们之间将会相互持有实例,产生关系,这样会造成严重的依赖,修改一个类,可能会带来其他类的修改,这不是我们想要看到 的,有了 Computer 类,他们之间的关系被放在了 Computer 类里,这样就起到了解耦的作用, 这,就是外观模式!