文章目录
1. 查看操作系统内核版本
2. 安装ELRepo
3. 查看内核版本列表
4. 安装
5. 查看系统上面可以使用的内核
6. 修改启动顺序默认值
7. 生产grub 配置文件
8. 重新启动
9. 删除旧内核版本
9.1 方法一：使用yum remove 删除旧版本RPM包
9.2 方法二： yum-utils 工具
1. 查看操作系统内核版本
$ uname -r 3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64
2. 安装ELRepo
官网地址：http://elrepo.org/tiki/tiki-index.php
$ rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org $ yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
3. 查看内核版本列表
$ yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn elrepo-kernel | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 elrepo-kernel/primary_db | 2.0 MB 00:00:04 可安装的软件包 kernel-lt.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-devel.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-doc.noarch 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-headers.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.4.162-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel python-perf.x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel
4. 安装
$ yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml-devel kernel-ml -y 已加载插件：fastestmirror, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * elrepo: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn * elrepo-kernel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com https://wiki.centos.org/yum-errors If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please use https://bugs.centos.org/. elrepo | 3.0 kB 00:00:00 elrepo/primary_db | 501 kB 00:00:00 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 kernel-ml.x86_64.0.5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 kernel-ml-devel.x86_64.0.5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo 将被 安装 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ Package 架构 版本 源 大小 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 正在安装: kernel-ml x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 55 M kernel-ml-devel x86_64 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo elrepo-kernel 14 M 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================ 安装 2 软件包 总下载量：69 M 安装大小：306 M Downloading packages: (1/2): kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 55 MB 00:00:08 (2/2): kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 00:03:32 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 总计 330 kB/s | 69 MB 00:03:33 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在安装 : kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/2 正在安装 : kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/2 验证中 : kernel-ml-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 1/2 验证中 : kernel-ml-devel-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 2/2 已安装: kernel-ml.x86_64 0:5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 0:5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo 完毕！
5. 查看系统上面可以使用的内核
$ awk -F\' '$1=="menuentry " {print i++ " : " $2}' /etc/grub2.cfg 0 : CentOS Linux (5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core) 1 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 2 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 3 : CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) 4 : CentOS Linux (0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0) 7 (Core)
6. 修改启动顺序默认值
方法1：命令操作
$ grub2-set-default 0
方法2：修改/etc/default/grub 文件
设置 GRUB_DEFAULT=0，通过上面查询显示的编号为 0 的内核作为默认内核：
$ vim /etc/default/grub GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)" GRUB_DEFAULT=saved #saved改为0 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0" GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
7. 生产grub 配置文件
$ grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg Generating grub configuration file ... Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0 Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-8c140402428842fe94fb7aa44b8df5d0.img done
8. 重新启动
$ reboot $ uname -r 5.15.5-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
9. 删除旧内核版本
$ rpm -qa | grep kernel abrt-addon-kerneloops-2.1.11-55.el7.centos.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-ml-5.6.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-debug-devel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-libs-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-headers-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-ml-devel-5.6.7-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
9.1 方法一：使用yum remove 删除旧版本RPM包
$ yum remove kernel-3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64 kernel-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 kernel-tools-3.10.0-1062
9.2 方法二： yum-utils 工具
注：如果安装的内核不多于 3 个，
yum-utils工具不会删除任何一个。只有在安装的内核大于 3 个时，才会自动删除旧内核.
$ yum install yum-utils $ package-cleanup --oldkernels
