在学习C语言的过程中，为了提高大家的动手能力，以实际项目为入手点，将会极大的提高大家的开发的积极性，本实验为贪吃蛇小游戏，在动手开发的过程中，总结学习其中使用到API函数。
代码实现如下：
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #include <conio.h> #include <time.h> #include <windows.h> //MAXWIDTH、MAXHEIGHT、INITLEN 以字符记 #define MAXWIDTH (30) #define MAXHEIGHT MAXWIDTH #define INITLEN (3) //贪吃蛇的初始长度 //程序中用到的各种字符，以及它们的颜色和类型（以数字表示） struct{ char *ch; int color; char type; } charBorder = {"□", 4, 1}, //边框 charBg = {"■", 2, 2}, //背景 charSnake = {"★", 0xe, 3}, //贪吃蛇节点 charFood = {"●", 0xc, 4}; //食物 //用一个结构体数组保存地图中的各个点 struct{ char type; int index; }globalMap[MAXWIDTH][MAXHEIGHT]; //贪吃蛇有效活动范围地图的索引 struct{ int x; int y; } snakeMap[ (MAXWIDTH-2)*(MAXHEIGHT-2) ], scoresPostion; int scores = 0; //得分 int snakeMapLen = (MAXWIDTH-2)*(MAXHEIGHT-2); int headerIndex, tailIndex; //蛇头蛇尾对应的snakeMap中的索引（下标） HANDLE hStdin; //控制台句柄 // 设置光标位置，x为行，y为列 void setPosition(int x, int y){ COORD coord; coord.X = 2*y; coord.Y = x; SetConsoleCursorPosition(hStdin, coord); } // 设置颜色 void setColor(int color){ SetConsoleTextAttribute(hStdin, color); } //创建食物 void createFood(){ int index, rang, x, y; //产生随机数，确定 snakeMap 数组的索引 srand((unsigned)time(NULL)); if(tailIndex<headerIndex){ rang = headerIndex-tailIndex-1; index = rand()%rang + tailIndex + 1; }else{ rang = snakeMapLen - (tailIndex - headerIndex+1); index = rand()%rang; if(index>=headerIndex){ index += (tailIndex-headerIndex+1); } } x = snakeMap[index].x; y = snakeMap[index].y; setPosition(x, y); setColor(charFood.color); printf("%s", charFood.ch); globalMap[x][y].type=charFood.type; } //死掉 void die(){ int xCenter = MAXHEIGHT%2==0 ? MAXHEIGHT/2 : MAXHEIGHT/2+1; int yCenter = MAXWIDTH%2==0 ? MAXWIDTH/2 : MAXWIDTH/2+1; setPosition(xCenter, yCenter-5); setColor(0xC); printf("You die! Game Over!"); getch(); exit(0); } // 蛇移动 void move(char direction){ int newHeaderX, newHeaderY; //新蛇头的坐标 int newHeaderPreIndex; //新蛇头坐标以前对应的索引 int newHeaderPreX, newHeaderPreY; //新蛇头的索引以前对应的坐标 int newHeaderPreType; //新蛇头以前的类型 int oldTailX, oldTailY; //老蛇尾坐标 // ----------------------------------------------- //新蛇头的坐标 switch(direction){ case 'w': newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x-1; newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y; break; case 's': newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x+1; newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y; break; case 'a': newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x; newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y-1; break; case 'd': newHeaderX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x; newHeaderY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y+1; break; } //新蛇头的索引 headerIndex = headerIndex==0 ? snakeMapLen-1 : headerIndex-1; // ----------------------------------------------- //新蛇头坐标以前对应的索引 newHeaderPreIndex = globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].index; //新蛇头的索引以前对应的坐标 newHeaderPreX = snakeMap[headerIndex].x; newHeaderPreY = snakeMap[headerIndex].y; //双向绑定新蛇头索引与坐标的对应关系 snakeMap[headerIndex].x = newHeaderX; snakeMap[headerIndex].y = newHeaderY; globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].index = headerIndex; //双向绑定以前的索引与坐标的对应关系 snakeMap[newHeaderPreIndex].x = newHeaderPreX; snakeMap[newHeaderPreIndex].y = newHeaderPreY; globalMap[newHeaderPreX][newHeaderPreY].index = newHeaderPreIndex; //新蛇头以前的类型 newHeaderPreType = globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].type; //设置新蛇头类型 globalMap[newHeaderX][newHeaderY].type = charSnake.type; // 判断是否出界或撞到自己 if(newHeaderPreType==charBorder.type || newHeaderPreType==charSnake.type ){ die(); } //输出新蛇头 setPosition(newHeaderX, newHeaderY); setColor(charSnake.color); printf("%s", charSnake.ch); //判断是否吃到食物 if(newHeaderPreType==charFood.type){ //吃到食物 createFood(); //更改分数 setPosition(scoresPostion.x, scoresPostion.y); printf("%d", ++scores); }else{ //老蛇尾坐标 oldTailX = snakeMap[tailIndex].x; oldTailY = snakeMap[tailIndex].y; //删除蛇尾 setPosition(oldTailX, oldTailY); setColor(charBg.color); printf("%s", charBg.ch); globalMap[oldTailX][oldTailY].type = charBg.type; tailIndex = (tailIndex==0) ? snakeMapLen-1 : tailIndex-1; } } //下次移动的方向 char nextDirection(char ch, char directionOld){ int sum = ch+directionOld; ch = tolower(ch); if( (ch=='w' || ch=='a' || ch=='s' || ch=='d') && sum!=197 && sum!=234 ){ return ch; }else{ return directionOld; } } //暂停 char pause(){ return getch(); } // 初始化 void init(){ // 设置相关变量 int x, y, i, index; int xCenter = MAXHEIGHT%2==0 ? MAXHEIGHT/2 : MAXHEIGHT/2+1; int yCenter = MAXWIDTH%2==0 ? MAXWIDTH/2 : MAXWIDTH/2+1; CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cci; //控制台光标信息 //判断相关设置是否合理 if(MAXWIDTH<16){ printf("'MAXWIDTH' is too small!"); getch(); exit(0); } //设置窗口大小 system("mode con: cols=96 lines=32"); //隐藏光标 hStdin = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE); GetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdin, &cci); cci.bVisible = 0; SetConsoleCursorInfo(hStdin, &cci); //打印背景 for(x=0; x<MAXHEIGHT; x++){ for(y=0; y<MAXWIDTH; y++){ if(y==0 || y==MAXWIDTH-1 || x==0 || x==MAXHEIGHT-1){ globalMap[x][y].type = charBorder.type; setColor(charBorder.color); printf("%s", charBorder.ch); }else{ index = (x-1)*(MAXWIDTH-2)+(y-1); snakeMap[index].x= x; snakeMap[index].y= y; globalMap[x][y].type = charBg.type; globalMap[x][y].index = index; setColor(charBg.color); printf("%s", charBg.ch); } } printf("\n"); } //初始化贪吃蛇 globalMap[xCenter][yCenter-1].type = globalMap[xCenter][yCenter].type = globalMap[xCenter][yCenter+1].type = charSnake.type; headerIndex = (xCenter-1)*(MAXWIDTH-2)+(yCenter-1) - 1; tailIndex = headerIndex+2; setPosition(xCenter, yCenter-1); setColor(charSnake.color); for(y = yCenter-1; y<=yCenter+1; y++){ printf("%s", charSnake.ch); } //生成食物 createFood(); //设置程序信息 setPosition(xCenter-1, MAXWIDTH+2); printf(" Apples : 0"); setPosition(xCenter, MAXWIDTH+2); printf(" Author : xiao p"); setPosition(xCenter+1, MAXWIDTH+2); printf("Copyright : c.biancheng.net"); scoresPostion.x = xCenter-1; scoresPostion.y = MAXWIDTH+8; } int main(){ char charInput, direction = 'a'; init(); charInput = tolower(getch()); direction = nextDirection(charInput, direction); while(1){ if(kbhit()){ charInput = tolower(getch()); if(charInput == ' '){ charInput = pause(); } direction = nextDirection(charInput, direction); } move(direction); Sleep(500); } getch(); return 0; }
实验现象如下：
