1.使用Intent进行异步通讯
在Service任务一旦完成后,就发送广播。开发者只需要实现一个BroadcastReceiver来监听响应既可。
Activity.startService启动intentService,intentService完成任务后sendBroadcast()发送广播,BroadcastReceiver.startActivity()通知Activity操作结果。
在任务结束后调用sendBroadcast(new Intent(Action));
然后在广播中通知Activity执行的结果。这种方法的优点是,Android提供了现成的机制,而不需要开发者自己构建复杂的组件间消息处理系统。
缺点是通知的结果受限于Intent,该方法也不适合在IntentService和Activity之间进行大规模快速更新操作,比如进度条,因为这会阻塞系统。
具体的代码就不多讲,和基本的Service一样使用,只是多实现了个广播.
2.本地绑定Service
本地绑定Service可以在Service中给Activity提供更复杂的回调,因为那些耗时的操作必须放到Service的后台线程中,所以Service大部分回调应该是异步的。实际的调用触发后台操作立即返回,一旦操作完成,Service使用回调接口来通知Activity相应的执行结果.
下面的例子添加了一个回调接口和一个实现AsyncTask的类,该类用来模拟后台操作。Service的onBind()方法返回一个localBinder对象,通过该对象客户端可以获取Service引用,并能执行doLongRunningOperation()方法。此方法创建了一个新的AsyncTask,并用客户端传递进来的参数执行execute()函数,在执行的过程中,回调函数会通知客户端新进度,当执行完毕会回调执行结果.
这个例子以下载图片讲解其详细的实现步骤
public class MyLocalService extends Service { private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1001;//通知的ID private LocalBinder mLocalBinder = new LocalBinder();//用于返回的localBinder对象 private Callback mCallback; @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return this.mLocalBinder; } public class LocalBinder extends Binder { public MyLocalService getService() { return MyLocalService.this; } } public void setCallback(Callback callback) { this.mCallback = callback; } //回调接口,便于Activity与Service进行通信 public interface Callback { void onOperationProgress(int progress); void onOperationCompleted(String result); } public void doLongRunningOperation(String urlString) { new MyAsyncTask().execute(urlString); } private class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> { //处理任务之中 @Override protected String doInBackground(String... params) { publishProgress(0);//更新进度条 String result = downloadPhoto(params[0]); publishProgress(10); return result; } //执行任务之前 @Override protected void onPreExecute() { super.onPreExecute(); startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, buildNotification());//保持服务一直处于活跃状态。并创建通知 } //返回任务执行结果 @Override protected void onPostExecute(String result) { if (mCallback != null) { mCallback.onOperationCompleted(result); } mCallback.onOperationProgress(10); stopForeground(true); } //进度条更新 @Override protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) { if (mCallback != null && values.length > 0) { for (Integer value : values) { mCallback.onOperationProgress(value); } } } //任务(结束)调用取消后 @Override protected void onCancelled(String result) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onCancelled(result); stopForeground(true); } } //创建通知 private Notification buildNotification() { Builder builder = new Builder(this); builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher); builder.setContentTitle("正在下载"); builder.setContentText("图片还在下载中"); Notification notification = builder.getNotification(); return notification; } //下载图片 private String downloadPhoto(String uriString) { HttpURLConnection conn = null; try { Thread.sleep(8000); URL url = new URL(uriString); conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setReadTimeout(8000); conn.setConnectTimeout(8000); InputStream is = conn.getInputStream(); File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() .toString() + "/" + "book.jpg"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file); byte[] buf = new byte[8196]; int line = 0; while ((line = is.read(buf)) != -1) { fos.write(buf, 0, line); } fos.close(); return "下载完成"; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (conn != null) { conn.disconnect(); } } return "下载失败"; } }
下面的代码显示了更新后的Activity,值得注意的变化是Activity实现了MyLocalService.Callback接口,当在onServiceConnected()方法中获取到对Service的引用后,调用setCallback(this)方法,以便于Activity能在操作执行期间收到回调通知。还有一点非常重要,当用户离开Activity或者调用onPause()时,不要忘记移除回调监听,否则可能导致内存泄漏。
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements ServiceConnection, MyLocalService.Callback { private Button start; private TextView content; private MyLocalService mService; private ProgressDialog dialog; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); this.start = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start); this.content = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.content); } //启动Service里的AsyncTask线程 public void onTriggerLongRunningOperation(View view) { if (this.mService != null) { this.mService .doLongRunningOperation("http://image.baidu.com/i?tn=download&word=download&ie=utf8&fr=detail&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwenwen.soso.com%2Fp%2F20090901%2F20090901120123-329341688.jpg&thumburl=http%3A%2F%2Fimg5.imgtn.bdimg.com%2Fit%2Fu%3D390263343%2C2695552076%26fm%3D21%26gp%3D0.jpg"); } } //进度条更新操作 @Override public void onOperationProgress(int progress) { if (dialog == null) { dialog = new ProgressDialog(this); dialog.setMessage("正在下载"); dialog.setMax(10); dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false); dialog.show(); } else { dialog.setProgress(progress); } if (progress == 10 && dialog != null) { dialog.dismiss(); } } @Override public void onOperationCompleted(String result) { this.content.setText(result);//设置下载图片的返回结果 } //绑定服务后的初始化操作都写在该方法内 @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { this.mService = ((MyLocalService.LocalBinder) service).getService(); this.mService.setCallback(this); this.start.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { onTriggerLongRunningOperation(v);//执行Service下载线程 start.setEnabled(false);//设置启动按钮为不可用 } }); } //注销之前结束后的收尾操作 @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { this.mService = null; } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyLocalService.class); bindService(bindIntent, this, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定Service } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); if (this.mService != null) { this.mService.setCallback(null); unbindService(this);//解绑Service } } }
如果用户在操作执行完前离开了Activity,Service还会继续执行,因为显式调用了StartForeground()方法。如果Activity在操作结束前又重新恢复,它会在成功绑定到Service后继续调用继续接受回调。这种行为很容易把耗时的操作和用户界面分开。并且允许Activity恢复后还能继续获取运行的状态。
如果Service内部维护了一些状态,允许客户端获取这些状态以及订阅这些状态的变化是个很好的做法。因为当Activity重新恢复并绑定到Service后,这些状态可能已经发生了变化.