轻量级日志可视化平台Grafana Loki接入nginx访问日志
Loki简单介绍
Loki：像 Prometheus，但用于日志。
Loki 是受Prometheus启发的水平可扩展、高可用、多租户日志聚合系统。它的设计非常经济高效且易于操作。它不索引日志的内容，而是索引每个日志流的一组标签。
与其他日志聚合系统相比，Loki：
1、不对日志进行全文索引。通过存储压缩的非结构化日志和仅索引元数据，Loki 操作更简单，运行成本更低。
2、使用您已经在 Prometheus 中使用的相同标签对日志流进行索引和分组，使您能够使用您已经在 Prometheus 中使用的相同标签在指标和日志之间无缝切换。
3、特别适合存储Kubernetes Pod 日志。Pod 标签等元数据会自动抓取并编入索引。
4、在 Grafana 中有原生支持（需要 Grafana v6.0）。
基于 Loki 的日志堆栈由 3 个组件组成：
promtail是代理，负责收集日志并发送给 Loki。
loki是主服务器，负责存储日志和处理查询。
Grafana用于查询和显示日志。
Loki 就像 Prometheus，但对于日志而言：我们更喜欢基于多维标签的索引方法，并且想要一个单二进制、易于操作系统且没有依赖项的系统。Loki 与 Prometheus 的不同之处在于它专注于日志而不是指标，并通过推送而不是拉取来交付日志
一、安装并配置Loki服务端
#loki Linux二进制安装包下载地址 https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/download/v2.7.0/loki-linux-amd64.zip loki-linux-amd64.zip unzip loki-linux-amd64.zip mv loki-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/loki chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/loki loki -version #loki-config配置文件下载地址 https://raw.githubusercontent.com/grafana/loki/main/examples/getting-started/loki-config.yaml mkdir /etc/loki/ cat loki-local-config.yaml
vim /etc/systemd/system/loki.service cat /etc/systemd/system/loki.service [Unit] Description=Grafana Loki Documentation=https://github.com/grafana/loki [Service] ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/loki -config.file=/etc/loki/loki-local-config.yaml [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start loki.service systemctl enable loki.service systemctl status loki.service firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3100/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
二、nginx服务器上安装Promtail并采集nginx日志
1、修改nginx的日志格式并重启nginx
log_format json_analytics escape=json '{' '"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution '"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number '"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection '"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid '"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id '"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body) '"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP '"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username '"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port '"time_local": "$time_local", ' '"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format '"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request '"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request '"args": "$args", ' # args '"status": "$status", ' # response status code '"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client '"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client '"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer '"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent '"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for '"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header '"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request '"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution '"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests '"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS '"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers '"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body '"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length '"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where applicable '"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol '"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher '"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https '"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method '"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0 '"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise '"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", ' '"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray"' '}'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json_analytics;
说明：这里安装nginx进行测试
2、日志采集器Promtail安装与配置
rpm -ivh promtail-2.7.0.x86_64.rpm vi /etc/promtail/config.yml server: http_listen_port: 9080 grpc_listen_port: 0 positions: filename: /tmp/positions.yaml clients: - url: http://192.168.31.230:3100/loki/api/v1/push scrape_configs: - job_name: nginx static_configs: - targets: - localhost labels: job: nginx_logs __path__: /var/log/nginx/access.log systemctl enable promtail.service systemctl restart promtail.service systemctl status promtail.service
三、Grafana上导入Loki的大屏
1、grafana的安装
granfan安装在Loki服务器上
yum install grafana-9.2.4-1.x86_64.rpm systemctl enable grafana-server.service --now firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
2、导入12559的dashboard ID
https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12559-grafana-loki-dashboard-for-nginx-service-mesh/
四、效果测试
触发Nginx访问日志，效果展示如下
说明：GEOIP模块并未编译到nginx中，如果需要按改DashboardID中给的说明自行配置，不过也可以在grafana大屏中地图展示panel自行删除不展示
