前言
上一篇介绍了C语言写的JSON解析库cJSON的使用:使用cJSON库解析和构建JSON字符串
本篇文章介绍,Qt开发环境下QJson库的使用示例。示例代码包含简单和复杂JSON字符串的解析和构建,Qt工程已经开源在Github和Gitee代码托管平台。
- Github仓库地址:
https://github.com/whik/QJson_Demo
- Gitee仓库地址:
https://gitee.com/whik/QJson_Demo
开发平台基于Qt 5.8 Windows。示例的JSON字符串和上一篇使用的是一样的。
JSON解析示例包括:
- 和风天气实时数据
- 心知天气实时数据
- 心知天气3天预报数据
- 城市空气质量AQI信息
- 全国油价信息
- 北京时间等。
由于文章篇幅限制,本篇文章先介绍QJson的解析示例。
QJson解析JSON示例
JSON的解析要对照JSON字符串来理解,关于JSON字符串的介绍,可以参考JSON简介
解析和构建都要先包含如下头文件:
#include <QJsonDocument> #include <QJsonObject> #include <QJsonArray>
示例字符串1:和风天气实时数据
这个JSON字符串中HeWeather6键的值是一个数组,数组内只有1个JSON对象,这个对象里又嵌套了几个JSON对象。
{ "HeWeather6": [{ "basic": { "cid": "CN101010700", "location": "昌平", "parent_city": "北京", "admin_area": "北京", "cnty": "中国", "lat": "40.21808624", "lon": "116.23590851", "tz": "+8.00" }, "update": { "loc": "2019-07-20 10:21", "utc": "2019-07-20 02:21" }, "status": "ok", "now": { "cloud": "96", "cond_code": "104", "cond_txt": "阴", "fl": "28", "hum": "86", "pcpn": "0.0", "pres": "995", "tmp": "25", "vis": "4", "wind_deg": "100", "wind_dir": "东风", "wind_sc": "1", "wind_spd": "4" } }] }
字符串1解析函数
主要是JSON的多层嵌套的解析。
int Parse_HeWeather_Now_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(he_now_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QJsonValue weather_Value = root_Obj.value("HeWeather6"); //HeWeather6键的值,是一个数组 if(weather_Value.isArray()) //可省略 { QJsonObject weather_Obj = weather_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject(); //HeWeather6数组就含有一个元素0 /* basic键信息 */ QJsonObject basic_Obj = weather_Obj.value("basic").toObject(); QString cid = basic_Obj.value("cid").toString(); QString location = basic_Obj.value("location").toString(); QString parent_city = basic_Obj.value("parent_city").toString(); QString cnty = basic_Obj.value("cnty").toString(); QString lat = basic_Obj.value("lat").toString(); QString lon = basic_Obj.value("lon").toString(); QString basic_info = cid + " " + parent_city + " " + cnty + " " + lat + " " + lon; qDebug() << basic_info; /* update键信息 */ QJsonObject update_Obj = weather_Obj.value("update").toObject(); QString loc = "当地时间:" + update_Obj.value("loc").toString(); //当地时间 QString utc = "UTC时间:" + update_Obj.value("utc").toString(); //UTC时间 QString status = "解析状态:" + weather_Obj.value("status").toString(); //"ok" qDebug() << loc + " " + utc + " " + status; /* now键信息*/ QJsonObject now_Obj = weather_Obj.value("now").toObject(); QString cond_txt = "白天天气:" + now_Obj.value("cond_txt").toString(); QString hum = "湿度:" + now_Obj.value("hum").toString(); QString tmp = "温度:" + now_Obj.value("tmp").toString(); QString wind_dir = "风向:" + now_Obj.value("wind_dir").toString(); QString wind_sc = "风级:" + now_Obj.value("wind_sc").toString(); qDebug() << cond_txt + " " + hum + " " + tmp + " " + wind_dir + " " + wind_sc; } qDebug() << "解析完成!"; } return 0; }
示例字符串2:心知天气实时数据
这个字符串和上面那个一样,都是数组元素是JSON对象,对象的值又是一个JSON对象。
{ "results": [{ "location": { "id": "WX4FBXXFKE4F", "name": "北京", "country": "CN", "path": "北京,北京,中国", "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai", "timezone_offset": "+08:00" }, "now": { "text": "晴", "code": "1", "temperature": "-7" }, "last_update": "2018-12-06T22:05:00+08:00" }] }
字符串2解析函数
int Parse_Seniverse_Now_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(seniverse_now_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QJsonValue result_Value = root_Obj.value("results"); if(result_Value.isArray()) { QJsonObject result_Obj = result_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject(); QString last_update = result_Obj.value("last_update").toString(); qDebug() << last_update; /* location键的值 */ QJsonObject location_Obj = result_Obj.value("location").toObject(); QString id = location_Obj.value("id").toString(); QString name = location_Obj.value("name").toString(); QString timezone = location_Obj.value("timezone").toString(); QString path = location_Obj.value("path").toString(); QString loc_str = id + " " + name + " " + timezone + " " + path ; qDebug() << loc_str; /* now键 */ QJsonObject now_Obj = result_Obj.value("now").toObject(); QString code = "天气代码: " + now_Obj.value("code").toString(); QString temperature = "当前温度:" + now_Obj.value("temperature").toString(); QString text = "天气:" + now_Obj.value("text").toString(); qDebug() << code << temperature << text; } } return 0; }
示例字符串3:心知3天天气预报数据
{ "results": [{ "location": { "id": "WS10730EM8EV", "name": "深圳", "country": "CN", "path": "深圳,深圳,广东,中国", "timezone": "Asia/Shanghai", "timezone_offset": "+08:00" }, "daily": [{ "date": "2018-12-06", "text_day": "阴", "code_day": "9", "text_night": "阴", "code_night": "9", "high": "25", "low": "16", "precip": "", "wind_direction": "无持续风向", "wind_direction_degree": "", "wind_speed": "10", "wind_scale": "2" }, { "date": "2018-12-07", "text_day": "阴", "code_day": "9", "text_night": "小雨", "code_night": "13", "high": "20", "low": "15", "precip": "", "wind_direction": "北", "wind_direction_degree": "0", "wind_speed": "15", "wind_scale": "3" }, { "date": "2018-12-08", "text_day": "小雨", "code_day": "13", "text_night": "小雨", "code_night": "13", "high": "17", "low": "12", "precip": "", "wind_direction": "东北", "wind_direction_degree": "45", "wind_speed": "15", "wind_scale": "3" }], "last_update": "2018-12-06T18:00:00+08:00" }] }
字符串3解析函数
int Parse_Seniverse_Forecast_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(seniverse_forcast_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QJsonValue result_Value = root_Obj.value("results"); if(result_Value.isArray()) { QJsonObject result_Obj = result_Value.toArray().at(0).toObject(); QString last_update = result_Obj.value("last_update").toString(); qDebug() << last_update; /* location键的值 */ QJsonObject location_Obj = result_Obj.value("location").toObject(); QString id = location_Obj.value("id").toString(); QString name = location_Obj.value("name").toString(); QString timezone = location_Obj.value("timezone").toString(); QString path = location_Obj.value("path").toString(); QString loc_str = id + " " + name + " " + timezone + " " + path ; qDebug() << loc_str; /* daily预报天气3天,数组元素3个*/ QJsonValue daily_Vaule = result_Obj.value("daily"); if(daily_Vaule.isArray()) { for(int idx = 0; idx <= 2; idx++) { QJsonObject daily_Obj = daily_Vaule.toArray().at(idx).toObject(); QString date = " 日期:" + daily_Obj.value("date").toString(); QString text_day =" 白天天气:" + daily_Obj.value("text_day").toString(); QString high = " 最高温度:" + daily_Obj.value("high").toString(); QString low = " 最低温度:" + daily_Obj.value("low").toString(); QString wind_direction = " 风向:" + daily_Obj.value("wind_direction").toString(); QString wind_scale = " 风级:" + daily_Obj.value("wind_scale").toString(); qDebug() << date + text_day + high + low + wind_direction + wind_scale; } } } } return 0; }
示例字符串4:空气AQI质量指数
包含10个元素的数组。
{ "status": "0", "citye": "changchun", "city": "长春", "citycode": "101060101", "aqi": "50", "data": [{ "add": "长春", "aqi": "50", "pm25": "22", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "食品厂", "aqi": "54", "pm25": "18", "per": "良", "lv": "2" }, { "add": "客车厂", "aqi": "52", "pm25": "20", "per": "良", "lv": "2" }, { "add": "邮电学院", "aqi": "35", "pm25": "24", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "劳动公园", "aqi": "45", "pm25": "19", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "园林处", "aqi": "45", "pm25": "21", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "净月潭", "aqi": "46", "pm25": "30", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "甩湾子", "aqi": "51", "pm25": "24", "per": "良", "lv": "2" }, { "add": "经开区环卫处", "aqi": "48", "pm25": "25", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }, { "add": "高新区管委会", "aqi": "51", "pm25": "16", "per": "良", "lv": "2" }, { "add": "岱山公园", "aqi": "49", "pm25": "19", "per": "优", "lv": "1" }] }
字符串4解析函数
int Parse_AQI_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(AQI_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QString city = root_Obj.value("city").toString(); QString citycode = root_Obj.value("citycode").toString(); QString citye = root_Obj.value("citye").toString(); QString status = root_Obj.value("status").toString(); qDebug() << city + " " + citycode + " " + citye + " " + status; /* data键 */ QJsonValue data_Vaule = root_Obj.value("data"); if(data_Vaule.isArray()) { for(int idx = 0; idx <= 10; idx++) { QJsonObject data_Obj = data_Vaule.toArray().at(idx).toObject(); QString add = "地址:" + data_Obj.value("add").toString(); QString aqi = " AQI:" + data_Obj.value("aqi").toString(); QString lv = " 空气质量等级:" + data_Obj.value("lv").toString(); QString per = " 空气质量:" + data_Obj.value("per").toString(); QString pm25 = " PM2.5等级:" + data_Obj.value("pm25").toString(); qDebug() << add + aqi + lv + per + pm25; } } } return 0; }
示例字符串5:北京标准时间
比较简单一个JSON对象
{ "success": "1", "result": { "timestamp": "1542456793", "datetime_1": "2018-11-17 20:13:13", "datetime_2": "2018年11月17日 20时13分13秒", "week_1": "6", "week_2": "星期六", "week_3": "周六", "week_4": "Saturday" } }
字符串5解析函数
int Parse_BJTime_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(bj_time_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QString success = root_Obj.value("success").toString(); /* result键 */ QJsonObject result_Obj = root_Obj.value("result").toObject(); QString datetime_1 = result_Obj.value("datetime_1").toString(); QString datetime_2 = result_Obj.value("datetime_2").toString(); QString timestamp = result_Obj.value("timestamp").toString(); QString week_1 = result_Obj.value("week_1").toString(); QString week_2 = result_Obj.value("week_2").toString(); QString week_3 = result_Obj.value("week_3").toString(); QString week_4 = result_Obj.value("week_4").toString(); qDebug() << datetime_1 << datetime_2; qDebug() << week_1 << week_2 << week_3 << week_4; } return 0; }
示例字符串6:全国城市油价信息
这种格式的字符串也是标准的JSON字符串,[]表示数组,这个数组内包含了5个字符串:
["北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"]
但是这种不是,{}表示对象:
{"北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"}
一个数组内包含5个元素,每个元素又是一个数组,每个数组又包含5个字符串,属于数组的嵌套:
{ "status": "0", "msg": "全国各省份汽柴油价格信息", "update": "2019-07-21", "data": [ ["地区", "92号", "95号", "98号", "0号柴油"], ["北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"], ["上海", "6.74", "7.17", "7.87", "6.39"], ["江苏", "6.75", "7.18", "8.06", "6.37"], ["天津", "6.77", "7.15", "8.07", "6.41"] ], "About": "wcc", "Home": "www.wangchaochao.top" }
字符串6解析函数
//解析数组嵌套的JSON字符串 int Parse_Oil_Price_Json(void) { QJsonParseError err_rpt; QJsonDocument root_Doc = QJsonDocument::fromJson(oil_price_json, &err_rpt);//字符串格式化为JSON if(err_rpt.error != QJsonParseError::NoError) { qDebug() << "JSON格式错误"; return -1; } else //JSON格式正确 { // qDebug() << "JSON格式正确:\n" << root_Doc; QJsonObject root_Obj = root_Doc.object(); QString msg = root_Obj.value("msg").toString(); QString update = root_Obj.value("update").toString(); QString status = root_Obj.value("status").toString(); QString About = root_Obj.value("About").toString(); QString Home = root_Obj.value("Home").toString(); qDebug() << msg << update << status << About << Home; /* data键解析 */ QJsonValue data_Value = root_Obj.value("data"); if(data_Value.isArray()) //数组中包含5个数组,每个数组5个字符串元素 { for(int idx = 0; idx <= 4; idx++) { QJsonValue price_Obj = data_Value.toArray().at(idx); if(price_Obj.isArray()) { QString str1 = price_Obj.toArray().at(0).toString();// 每个元素是一个字符串 QString str2 = price_Obj.toArray().at(1).toString(); QString str3 = price_Obj.toArray().at(2).toString(); QString str4 = price_Obj.toArray().at(3).toString(); QString str5 = price_Obj.toArray().at(4).toString(); qDebug() << str1 << str2 << str3 << str4 << str5 ; } } } } return 0; }
总结
JSON解析配合API接口,就可以实现一些有趣的工具了,如全国油价查询工具,全国天气查询,空气质量查询,黄历查询,生活指数等等实用工具的开发。