1.测试类实现Web层测试
说明：本文是在springboot项目中实现的哦。
（1）在测试类上添加@AutoConfigureMockMvc
@SpringBootTest() @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { @Test void WebFindTest() { } }
（2）在SpringBootTest注解中添加参数webEnvironment
SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) //开启虚拟MVC调用 @AutoConfigureMockMvc public class WebTest { @Test void testWeb(@Autowired MockMvc mvc) { } }
注：这里WebEnvironment几个参数的含义：
MOCK：根据当前设置确认是否启动web环境，例如使用了Servlet的API就启动web环境，属于适配性的配置
DEFINED_PORT：使用自定义的端口作为web服务器端口
RANDOM_PORT：使用随机端口作为web服务器端口( 建议使用，防止端口冲突)
NONE：不启动web环境
（3）引入MockMvc对象创建访问请求
注：测试可以发现请求成功，测试发送请求可以成功但是无法看到结果，在下一步就可以看到了。
注：web层Controller代码
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin; import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; @RestController public class WebController { @GetMapping("findWeb") @ResponseBody public String finall(){ return "Web测试成功"; } }
注：测试类代码
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 mvc.perform(builder); } }
测试成功效果：
（4）实现请求结果对比
注： 响应对比有四种类型，响应状态匹配、响应体匹配（非json数据格式）、响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）、响应头信息匹配。
a.响应状态匹配
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 //获取返回值 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder); //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败 //定义本次调用的预期值 StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status(); //预计本次调用时成功的：状态200 ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk(); //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配 perform.andExpect(ok); } }
b.响应体匹配（非json数据格式）
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 //获取返回值 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder); //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败 //定义本次调用的预期值 ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content(); //预计本次调用时成功的：状态200 ResultMatcher resultMatcher = content.string("Web测试成功"); //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配 perform.andExpect(resultMatcher); } }
测试成功将会访问成功，给大家看一下失败的样式：（会报错）
c.响应体匹配（json数据格式，开发中的主流使用方式）
Controller类也要改成返回Json
package com.example.demo.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class WebController { @GetMapping("findWeb") @ResponseBody public String finall(){ return "{\"name\" : Web测试成功}"; } }
注意测试类Json写法：
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 //获取返回值 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder); //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败 //定义本次调用的预期值 ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content(); //这里注意Json写法格式 ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}"); //添加预计值到本次调用过程中进行匹配 perform.andExpect(result); } }
d.响应头信息匹配
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 //获取返回值 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder); //响应头 HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header(); ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); perform.andExpect(contentType); } }
（4）校验总结
注： 平时都是三种校验一起，（Json与非Json只能一种）
package com.example.demo; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.ContentResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.StatusResultMatchers; @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @AutoConfigureMockMvc class DemoApplicationTests { //引入MockMvc类型对象 @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; @Test void WebFindTest() throws Exception { //http://localhost:8080/findWeb //创建虚拟请求 //前面的服务器IP地址和端口使用的是当前虚拟的web环境，无需指定，仅指定请求的具体路径即可 MockHttpServletRequestBuilder builder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/findWeb"); //这里需要抛出异常 //获取返回值 ResultActions perform = mvc.perform(builder); //设定预期值 与真实值进行比较，成功测试通过，失败测试失败 //定义本次调用的预期值 //响应状态 StatusResultMatchers status = MockMvcResultMatchers.status(); ResultMatcher ok = status.isOk(); perform.andExpect(ok); //响应头 HeaderResultMatchers header = MockMvcResultMatchers.header(); ResultMatcher contentType = header.string("Content-Type", "text/plain;charset=UTF-8"); perform.andExpect(contentType); //返回的响应体 ContentResultMatchers content = MockMvcResultMatchers.content(); ResultMatcher result = content.json("{\"name\":Web测试成功}"); perform.andExpect(result); } }
2.补充测试层实现数据回滚
说明：使用@Transactional，@Rollback(true)防止执行测试类产生垃圾数据。
package com.example.demo; import com.example.demo.pojo.Admin; import com.example.demo.repository.AdminRepository; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.HeaderResultMatchers; import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import java.util.Date; @SpringBootTest() @Transactional @Rollback class RollbackTests { @Autowired private AdminRepository adminRepository; @Test void WebFindTest() { Admin admin = new Admin(); admin.setPassword("123"); adminRepository.save(admin); } }
3.补充测试用例数据随机
说明： 在配置文件中设置数据为随机，配合@ConfigurationProperties实现随机值注入
test: book: id: ${random.int} id2: ${random.int(10)} type: ${random.int!5,10!} name: ${random.value} uuid: ${random.uuid} publishTime: ${random.long}
@Component @Data @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "test.book") public class BookCase { private int id; private int id2; private int type; private String name; private String uuid; private long publishTime; }
