安装 Pipenv
Pipenv 是一个生产流的工具，旨在将最好的打包世界（ bundler, composer, npm, cargo, yarn, etc. ）带入 Python 世界。它将 Pipfile、pip 和 virtualenv 整合到一个命令中。
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我们可以使用 pip 命令安装 pip3 install --user pipenv：
$ pip3 install --user pipenv Collecting pipenv Downloading pipenv-2022.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.9 MB) |████████████████████████████████| 3.9 MB 634 kB/s Collecting virtualenv-clone>=0.2.5 Downloading virtualenv_clone-0.5.7-py3-none-any.whl (6.6 kB) Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (2019.11.28) Collecting pip>=22.0.4 Downloading pip-22.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB) |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 2.3 MB/s Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36.2.1 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (45.2.0) Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from pipenv) (20.0.17) Installing collected packages: virtualenv-clone, pip, pipenv Successfully installed pip-22.1.2 pipenv-2022.5.2 virtualenv-clone-0.5.7
为什么推荐使用 pipenv，因为它会自动为您的项目创建和管理虚拟环境 virtualenv，并在您安装/卸载包时从您的 Pipfile 中添加/删除包。它还生成非常重要的 Pipfile.lock，用于生成确定性构建。
安装 Django
创建一个项目文件夹 mytodo ：
$ mkdir mytodo $ cd mytodo
Django 是一个高级 Python Web 框架，它鼓励快速开发和简洁、实用的设计。它由经验丰富的开发人员构建，解决了 Web 开发的大部分麻烦，因此您可以专注于编写应用程序，而无需重新发明轮子。它是免费和开源的。
使用 pipenv install django 在虚拟环境中安装您的 django 框架：
$ sudo pipenv install django Creating a virtualenv for this project... Pipfile: /home/wade/PythonProject/mytodo/Pipfile Using /usr/bin/python3 (3.8.10) to create virtualenv... ⠼ Creating virtual environment...created virtual environment CPython3.8.10.final.0-64 in 439ms creator CPython3Posix(dest=/root/.local/share/virtualenvs/mytodo--AJz7sim, clear=False, global=False) seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=latest, setuptools=latest, wheel=latest, pkg_resources=latest, via=copy, app_data_dir=/root/.local/share/virtualenv/seed-app-data/v1.0.1.debian.1) activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator ✔ Successfully created virtual environment! Virtualenv location: /root/.local/share/virtualenvs/mytodo--AJz7sim Creating a Pipfile for this project... Installing django... Adding django to Pipfile's [packages]... ✔ Installation Succeeded Pipfile.lock not found, creating... Locking [dev-packages] dependencies... Locking [packages] dependencies... Building requirements... Resolving dependencies... ✔ Success! Updated Pipfile.lock (a6086c)! Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (a6086c)... 🐍 ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 0/0 — 00:00:00 To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell. Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.
验证安装
- 使用
pipenv run python3激活 python 环境 - 导入 django 包：
import django - 打印 django 版本：
print(django.get_version())
验证 Django 安装成功：
$ sudo pipenv run python3 Python 3.8.10 (default, Mar 15 2022, 12:22:08) [GCC 9.4.0] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import django >>> print(django.get_version()) 4.0.5 >>>
启动 django 程序
使用 pipenv run python3 manage.py runserver 来启动默认的 django 程序：
$ sudo pipenv run python3 manage.py runserver Watching for file changes with StatReloader Performing system checks... System check identified no issues (0 silenced). You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions. Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them. June 07, 2022 - 07:54:34 Django version 4.0.5, using settings 'todobackend.settings' Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ Quit the server with CONTROL-C. [07/Jun/2022 07:55:05] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 10697 [07/Jun/2022 07:55:07] "GET /static/admin/css/fonts.css HTTP/1.1" 200 423 [07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Bold-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 86184 [07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Regular-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 85876 [07/Jun/2022 07:55:16] "GET /static/admin/fonts/Roboto-Light-webfont.woff HTTP/1.1" 200 85692 Not Found: /favicon.ico [07/Jun/2022 07:55:18] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 2115
访问本地服务器地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/，即可看到如下界面，django 程序启动成功：
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总结
本文先介绍了一个非常好用的 Python 项目环境与依赖管理工具 pipenv，然后进行本地环境安装 pipenv ，通过 pipenv 进行 django 项目的管理，最后介绍了 django 虚拟环境中安装到启动一个 django 程序。
