欢迎访问我的GitHub
这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码): https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
关于Jib
- Java应用如果要运行在docker环境,就要制作包含该应用的docker镜像,Jib就是用来制作此镜像的的工具,有三种使用Jib的方法:
- Maven插件:jib-maven-plugin;
- Gradle插件:jib-gradle-plugin;
- Java库:Jib Core;
- Jib的官网地址是:https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib
- 今天咱们要聊的是第一种:通过jib的maven插件将java应用构建成docker镜像;
实战环境信息
- 操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810
- docker:1.13.1
- jdk:1.8.0_191
- maven:3.6.0
- 接下来一起开发一个java应用,并使用jib的maven插件,来构建该应用对应的docker镜像;
源码下载
- 如果您不打算写代码,也可以从GitHub上下载本次实战的源码,地址和链接信息如下表所示:
名称 | 链接 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
项目主页 | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos | 该项目在GitHub上的主页 |
git仓库地址(https) | https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议 |
git仓库地址(ssh) | git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git | 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议 |
- 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本章的源码在hellojib文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
准备java应用
- 准备一个最简单的springboot应用hellojib,用于实战构建docker镜像;
- 该应用是基于maven构建的,启动类如下:
package com.bolingcavalry.hellojib;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class HellojibApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HellojibApplication.class, args);
}
}
- 有一个controller用于后面验证服务是否正常:
package com.bolingcavalry.hellojib.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @Description: 普通的controller
* @author: willzhao E-mail: zq2599@gmail.com
* @date: 2019/6/29 20:21
*/
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(){
return "Hello, " + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
}
- 最重要的部分来了,pom.xml的内容如下,请注意注释:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
<artifactId>hellojib</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>hellojib</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
<!--使用jib插件-->
<plugin>
<groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
<artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
<configuration>
<!--from节点用来设置镜像的基础镜像,相当于Docerkfile中的FROM关键字-->
<from>
<!--使用openjdk官方镜像,tag是8-jdk-stretch,表示镜像的操作系统是debian9,装好了jdk8-->
<image>openjdk:8-jdk-stretch</image>
</from>
<to>
<!--镜像名称和tag,使用了mvn内置变量${project.version},表示当前工程的version-->
<image>bolingcavalry/hellojib:${project.version}</image>
</to>
<!--容器相关的属性-->
<container>
<!--jvm内存参数-->
<jvmFlags>
<jvmFlag>-Xms4g</jvmFlag>
<jvmFlag>-Xmx4g</jvmFlag>
</jvmFlags>
<!--要暴露的端口-->
<ports>
<port>8080</port>
</ports>
</container>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 上述xml中有以下几处需要注意:
a. 插件的节点中增加了插件jib-maven-plugin的配置;
b. from节点用来设置基础镜像,一般使用openjdk官方镜像,如果您想了解更多请参考《openjdk镜像的tag说明》;
c. to节点用于指定镜像名称和tag;
d. container节点用来设置容器的属性,例如对外暴露的端口、jvm参数等;
- 完成了上述设置,就可以构建镜像了;
构建成tar文件
- 还记得常用的docker到处到处命令么:
- docker save命令将本地仓库的docker镜像导出成tar格式的文件;
- docker load命令可以将tar格式的镜像文件导入到本地镜像仓库;
- 利用Jib,我们可以将java应用做成docker镜像并生成tar格式的文件,操作步骤如下:
- 在上述java工程的pom.xml文件所在目录,执行以下命令:
mvn compile jib:buildTar
- 构建成功后,控制台提示以下信息:
[root@centos7 hellojib]# mvn compile jib:buildTar
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hellojib >---------------------
[INFO] Building hellojib 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.1.0:resources (default-resources) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jib-maven-plugin:1.3.0:buildTar (default-cli) @ hellojib ---
[INFO]
[INFO] Containerizing application to file at '/root/temp/201906/29/hellojib/target/jib-image.tar'...
[INFO] The base image requires auth. Trying again for openjdk:8-jdk-stretch...
[INFO]
[INFO] Container entrypoint set to [java, -Xms4g, -Xmx4g, -cp, /app/resources:/app/classes:/app/libs/*, com.bolingcavalry.hellojib.HellojibApplication]
[INFO]
[INFO] Built image tarball at /root/temp/201906/29/hellojib/target/jib-image.tar
[INFO] Executing tasks:
[INFO] [==============================] 100.0% complete
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 16.521 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-30T21:43:32+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 去java工程的target目录下,发现生成了名为jib-image.tar的文件,如下图红框所示:
- 在java工程的target目录下执行命令docker load < jib-image.tar即可将该tar文件中的镜像加载到本地镜像仓库:
[root@centos7 target]# docker load < jib-image.tar
2c8d31157b81: Loading layer [==================================================>] 50.07 MB/50.07 MB
ea20c4bf3aae: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.932 MB/4.932 MB
51774d97c868: Loading layer [==================================================>] 221 B/221 B
51566e3f832b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 104 MB/104 MB
64c0b8425948: Loading layer [==================================================>] 14.91 MB/14.91 MB
e4c3b920750d: Loading layer [==================================================>] 240 B/240 B
8917d4e7f7b3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.034 kB/1.034 kB
Loaded image: bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
- 执行命令docker images可见镜像加载成功:
[root@centos7 target]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
bolingcavalry/hellojib 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT cf93bd81fbd5 49 years ago 505 MB
- 可见通过jib生成的tar是正常的docker镜像文件,可以导入
验证镜像是否可用
- 执行以下命令,即可启动容器:
docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
- 控制台显示springboot的启动信息:
[root@centos7 target]# docker run --rm -p 8080:8080 bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.6.RELEASE)
2019-06-30 13:56:50.969 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Starting HellojibApplication on c08711533071 with PID 1 (/app/classes started by root in /)
2019-06-30 13:56:50.975 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-06-30 13:56:52.147 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2019-06-30 13:56:52.173 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2019-06-30 13:56:52.173 INFO 1 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.21]
2019-06-30 13:56:52.261 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-06-30 13:56:52.261 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1223 ms
2019-06-30 13:56:52.475 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-06-30 13:56:52.772 INFO 1 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-06-30 13:56:52.811 INFO 1 --- [ main] c.b.hellojib.HellojibApplication : Started HellojibApplication in 2.202 seconds (JVM running for 2.446)
- 用浏览器访问:http://192.168.121.132:8080/hello ,其中192.168.121.132是宿主机IP地址,如下图,可见springboot服务可以正常访问:
构建到本地镜像仓库
- 上面的操作是将java应用生成tar文件然后再导入到本地镜像仓库,您也可以直接将java应用构建到本地镜像仓库中:
- 先执行命令docker rmi bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT将前面构建的镜像删除;
- 在pom.xml文件所在目录执行以下命令即可:
mvn clean compile jib:dockerBuild -U
- 终端提示如下:
[root@centos7 hellojib]# mvn clean compile jib:dockerBuild -U
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hellojib >---------------------
[INFO] Building hellojib 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:3.1.0:clean (default-clean) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Deleting /root/temp/201906/29/hellojib/target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.1.0:resources (default-resources) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to /root/temp/201906/29/hellojib/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jib-maven-plugin:1.3.0:dockerBuild (default-cli) @ hellojib ---
[INFO]
[INFO] Containerizing application to Docker daemon as bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT...
[INFO] The base image requires auth. Trying again for openjdk:8-jdk-stretch...
[INFO]
[INFO] Container entrypoint set to [java, -Xms4g, -Xmx4g, -cp, /app/resources:/app/classes:/app/libs/*, com.bolingcavalry.hellojib.HellojibApplication]
[INFO]
[INFO] Built image to Docker daemon as bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Executing tasks:
[INFO] [==============================] 100.0% complete
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 20.923 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-30T22:04:36+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 执行命令docker images可见镜像已经在镜像仓库中了:
[root@centos7 hellojib]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
bolingcavalry/hellojib 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT cf93bd81fbd5 49 years ago 505 MB
构建到hub.docker.com
- docker的中央仓库是 hub.docker.com ,jib也可以在镜像构建成功后自动推送到hub.docker.com网站,前提是您已经在该网站注册过,例如我已经注册过,账号是bolingcavalry,因此名为bolingcavalry/XXXXXXXX的镜像都可以推送到 hub.docker.com:
- 在pom.xml文件所在目录执行以下命令即可自动推送到 hub.docker.com,其中bolingcavalry是我在hub.docker.com上的注册账号,123456是密码:
mvn compile jib:build -Djib.to.auth.username=bolingcavalry -Djib.to.auth.password=123456
- 终端信息如下:
[root@centos7 hellojib]# mvn compile jib:build -Djib.to.auth.username=bolingcavalry -Djib.to.auth.password=123456
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ---------------------< com.bolingcavalry:hellojib >---------------------
[INFO] Building hellojib 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:3.1.0:resources (default-resources) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) @ hellojib ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO]
[INFO] --- jib-maven-plugin:1.3.0:build (default-cli) @ hellojib ---
[INFO]
[INFO] Containerizing application to bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT...
[INFO] The base image requires auth. Trying again for openjdk:8-jdk-stretch...
[INFO]
[INFO] Container entrypoint set to [java, -Xms4g, -Xmx4g, -cp, /app/resources:/app/classes:/app/libs/*, com.bolingcavalry.hellojib.HellojibApplication]
[INFO]
[INFO] Built and pushed image as bolingcavalry/hellojib:0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] Executing tasks:
[INFO] [==============================] 100.0% complete
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 02:47 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2019-06-30T22:16:19+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 在hub.docker.com上已经可以看到此镜像了,如下图(要登录后再看自己的镜像列表,如果没有登录是无法立即查到的):
- 至此,Jib的实战已经完成,常用的操作相信您已经熟悉了,希望本文能帮助您做出满意的镜像;
欢迎关注阿里云开发者社区博客:程序员欣宸
学习路上,你不孤单,欣宸原创一路相伴...