Linux下一键安装Python3&更改镜像源&虚拟环境管理技巧

yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

yum -y install wget# 没安装wget工具时运行此命令wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.5/Python-3.7.5.tgz

tar -xzvf Python-3.7.5.tgz

yum install gcc-y# 安装gcc编译器 yum install libffi-devel -y# 3.7版本之后需要一个新的包libffi-devel cd Python-3.7.5 # 进入解压后的文件夹 ./configure --prefix=/home/python # 配置指定安装目录 make && make install # 编译&编译安装

exportPYTHON_HOME=/home/python
exportPATH=${PATH}:${PYTHON_HOME}/bin
vi /etc/profile # 在/etc/profile文件中加入上面两行内容source /etc/profile # 添加完需要重新加载配置

#!/bin/shyum -y install wget# 安装wget工具yum -y install gcc# 安装gcc# 安装一堆依赖yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum -y install libffi-devel
if [ ! -f"Python-3.7.5.tgz" ]  # 判断当前目录是否存在Python安装包thenecho Python-3.7.5.tgz not exist!!!
exit-1fi`tar -zxvf Python-3.7.5.tgz`# 解压安装包if [ ! -d /home/python3 ]  # 判断home目录下是否存在python3目录，不存在就创建then`mkdir -p /home/python3`cd Python-3.7.5
./configure --prefix=/home/python3  # 配置安装目录为/home/python3make && make install  # 编译&编译安装fi# 添加Python环境变量到/etc/profileecho"export PYTHON_HOME=/home/python3" >>/etc/profile
echo"export PATH=\${PATH}:\${PYTHON_HOME}\"/bin\"" >>/etc/profile
# 重新加载配置文件，注意：执行脚本时需使用source命令而非./或sh命令，否则环境变量不生效`source /etc/profile`# 设置Python安装镜像源为阿里云`pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple`echo"=====`date`===== Python-3.7.5 install success !!!====="

source python_install.sh

rpm -qa|grep python3|xargs rpm -ev--allmatches--nodeps# 卸载python3whereis python3 |xargs rm-frv# 删除python3所有残余文件，注意是卸载Python3，千万要带3，否则会把系统自带的Python2和yum(依赖Python2)也卸载了whereis python3  # 查看是否存在python3python3 # 进入python解释器环境，若提示“-bash: python3: command not found”则说明卸载成功

python3 -m venv auto_test # 新建名为auto_test的虚拟环境目录 cd auto_test/bin # 进入虚拟环境所在文件夹的bin目录(Windows进入Scripts目录)source activate # 激活虚拟环境(Linux&Mac系统用source命令,Windows用.\activate.bat命令激活

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple(镜像地址) module(模块名称)

pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple # 永久配置国内镜像源pip config list # 查看下载源配置列表

pip freeze > requirements.txt # 导出当前环境下已安装的依赖包列表到指定文件 pip download -r requirements.txt -d . # 下载指定文件中的所有依赖包，不安装pip install -r requirements.txt  # 批量安装