SpringBoot发送邮件
课程目录
1、第一部分 背景
- 使用场景
- 发送原理
- 发送历史
- SpringBoot介绍
- 前置知识
2、第二部分 实践
- 文本邮件
- HTML邮件
- 附件邮件
- 图片邮件
- 邮件模板
- 邮件系统
第一部分 背景
1、邮件使用场景
- 注册验证
- 网站营销
- 安全防线
- 提醒监控
- 触发机制
2、邮件发送原理
- SMPTP协议 发送协议
- POP3协议 接收协议
- IMAP协议 对POP3补充
- Mime协议
3、邮件发送历史
- 1969年10月世界第一封
- 1987年9月14日中国第一封
4、SpringBoot介绍
- 约定大于配置
- 简单快速开发
- 强大生态链
5、前置知识
- Spring
- Maven
- HTML
- Thymeleaf
第二部分 实践
1、学习路径
- 基础配置
- 文本邮件
- HTML邮件
- 附件邮件
- 图片邮件
- 邮件模板
- 异常处理
- 邮件系统
2、环境配置
初始化SpringBoot项目
版本：2.3.5.RELEASE
Service示例
package com.example.demo.service; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; @Service public class HelloService { public void sayHello(){ System.out.println("Hello"); } }
测试类
package com.example.demo; import com.example.demo.service.HelloService; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; @SpringBootTest class DemoApplicationTests { @Autowired HelloService helloService; @Test void sayHelloTest() { helloService.sayHello(); } }
3、项目配置
- 引入jar包
<!-- 邮件 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 模板引擎 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
- 配置邮箱参数
spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com spring.mail.username=username@163.com # 户端授权码 spring.mail.password=password spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8
4、发送邮件
- 封装SimpleMailMessage
- JavaMailSender进行发送
package com.example.demo.service; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource; import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import java.io.File; @Service public class MailService { private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Value("${spring.mail.username}") private String fromUser; @Autowired private JavaMailSender mailSender; /** * 文本邮件 * * @param toUser * @param subject * @param content */ public void sendSimpleMail( String toUser, String subject, String content) { SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setFrom(fromUser); message.setTo(toUser); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(content); mailSender.send(message); } /** * html邮件 * * @param toUser * @param subject * @param content */ public void sendHtmlMail( String toUser, String subject, String content) { logger.info("html邮件开始：{} {} {}", toUser, subject, content); MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = null; try { helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setFrom(fromUser); helper.setTo(toUser); helper.setSubject(subject); helper.setText(content, true); mailSender.send(message); logger.info("html邮件成功"); } catch (MessagingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); logger.error("html邮件失败：", e); } } /** * 附件邮件 * * @param toUser * @param subject * @param content * @param filePath 绝对路径 * @throws MessagingException */ public void sendAttachmentsMail( String toUser, String subject, String content, String filePath) throws MessagingException { MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setFrom(fromUser); helper.setTo(toUser); helper.setSubject(subject); helper.setText(content, true); FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath)); // 可以多次添加附件 helper.addAttachment(file.getFilename(), file); mailSender.send(message); } /** * 图片邮件 * * @param toUser * @param subject * @param content * @param resourcePath * @param resourceId * @throws MessagingException */ public void sendInlineResourceMail( String toUser, String subject, String content, String resourcePath, String resourceId) throws MessagingException { MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setFrom(fromUser); helper.setTo(toUser); helper.setSubject(subject); helper.setText(content, true); FileSystemResource resource = new FileSystemResource(new File(resourcePath)); // 可以多次添加图片 helper.addInline(resourceId, resource); mailSender.send(message); } }
- 发送测试
package com.example.demo; import com.example.demo.service.MailService; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource; import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine; import org.thymeleaf.context.Context; import javax.mail.MessagingException; import java.io.IOException; @SpringBootTest class DemoApplicationTests { @Autowired MailService mailService; @Autowired TemplateEngine templateEngine; @Test void sendSimpleMailTest() { mailService.sendSimpleMail( "pengshiyuyx@163.com", "文本邮件标题", "邮件内容" ); } @Test void sendHtmlMailTest() { String content = "<html>" + "<body>" + "<h3>这是邮件内容</h3>" + "</body>" + "</html>"; mailService.sendHtmlMail( "pengshiyuyx@163.com", "HTML邮件标题", content ); } @Test void sendAttachmentsMailTest() throws MessagingException, IOException { String filePath = "name.txt"; ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(filePath); mailService.sendAttachmentsMail( "pengshiyuyx@163.com", "附件邮件标题", "邮件内容", resource.getFile().getAbsolutePath() ); } @Test void sendInlineResourceMailTest() throws IOException, MessagingException { String imagePath = "demo.jpg"; String resourceId = "image001"; String content = "<html>" + "<body>" + "<h3>这是邮件内容</h3>" + "<img src='cid:" + resourceId + "'>" + "</body>" + "</html>"; ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(imagePath); mailService.sendInlineResourceMail( "pengshiyuyx@163.com", "图片邮件标题", content, resource.getFile().getAbsolutePath(), resourceId ); } @Test void sendTemplateMailTest() { Context content = new Context(); content.setVariable("id", "007"); String mailContent = templateEngine.process("mail", content); mailService.sendHtmlMail( "pengshiyuyx@163.com", "模板邮件标题", mailContent ); } }
模板
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org/"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p>感谢注册</p> <p><a href="" th:href="@{https://www.baidu.com/{id}(id=${id})}">点击激活</a></p> </body> </html>
常见错误
421 HL:ICC 该IP同事并发连接数过大
451 Requested mail action not taken: too much fail
登录失败次数过多，被临时禁止登录
553 authentication is required 认证失败
更多错误
http://help.163.com/09/1224/17/5RAJ4LMH00753VB8.html
邮件系统
- 独立微服务MQ
- 异常处理
- 定时重试邮件
- 异步发送
总结
- 邮件发送历史和原理
- SpringBoot 和邮件系统
- 各种类型邮件的发送
- 邮件系统
