第17 章 : IO操作深入
80 字符编码
常用的编码
1、GBK/GB2312 国标编码, GB2312简体中文,GBK包含简体和繁体
2、ISO8859-1 国际通用编码,描述所有字母
3、UNICODE 16进制存储,描述所有问题
4、UTF 象形文字部分使用16进制,普通字母采用ISO8859-1,主要使用UTF-8
列出本机属性
System.getProperties().list(System.out);
项目中出现乱码问题就是编码和解码标准不统一
81 内存操作流
文件操作流 以文件为操作终端,InputStream、OutputStream
内存操作流
1、字节内存操作流 ByteArrayOutputStream ByteArrayInputStream
2、字符内存操作流 CharArrayWriter CharArrayReader
继承关系
OutputStream -FileOutputStream -ByteArrayOutputStream InputStream -FileInputStream -ByteArrayInputStream Writer -OutputStreamWriter -FileWriter -CharArrayWriter Reader -InputStreamReader -FileReader -CharArrayReader
示例:利用内存流小写转大写操作
import java.io.*; class Demo{ public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String message = "hello java"; // 将数据保存到内存流中 InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(message.getBytes()); OutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int data = 0; // 每次读取一个数据 while ((data = input.read())!=-1){ output.write(Character.toUpperCase(data)); } System.out.println(output); // HELLO JAVA output.close(); input.close(); } }
82 管道流
发送信息 <- 管道 -> 接收信息
字节管道流 PipedInputStream, PipedOutputStream
字符管道流 PipedReader, PipedWriter
继承关系
InputStream -PipedInputStream OutputStream -PipedOutputStream Reader -PipedReader Writer -PipedWriter
管道发送接收数据
import java.io.*; class Sender implements Runnable { private PipedOutputStream output; public Sender() { this.output = new PipedOutputStream(); } @Override public void run() { try { this.output.write("你好".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { this.output.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public PipedOutputStream getOutput() { return this.output; } } class Receiver implements Runnable { private PipedInputStream input; public Receiver() { this.input = new PipedInputStream(); } @Override public void run() { try { byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int len = this.input.read(data); System.out.println(new String(data, 0, len)); // 你好 } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { this.input.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public PipedInputStream getInput() { return this.input; } } class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Sender sender = new Sender(); Receiver receiver = new Receiver(); // 管道连接 sender.getOutput().connect(receiver.getInput()); new Thread(sender).start(); new Thread(receiver).start(); } }
83 RandomAccessFile
随机读取类,可以移动文件指针
public RandomAccessFile(String name, String mode)
import java.io.*; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { // 写入 RandomAccessFile writer = new RandomAccessFile("demo.txt", "rw"); writer.write("你好世界".getBytes()); writer.close(); // 读取 RandomAccessFile reader = new RandomAccessFile("demo.txt", "rw"); String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } writer.close(); } }
第18 章 : 输入与输出支持
84 打印流
设计思想:装饰设计模式
为OutputStream 类实现一层包装
PrintStream
PrintWriter
继承关系
OutputStream -FilterOutputStream -PrintStream Writer -PrintWriter
import java.io.*; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("demo.txt")); // 换行输出 writer.println("你好"); // 格式化输出 writer.printf("姓名 %s, 年龄: %s", "小强", 23); writer.close(); } }
只要是文件内容输出时都使用打印流
85 System类对IO的支持
System是系统类
1、标准输出(显示器)
2、错误输出
3、标准输入(键盘)
public final class System { public final static InputStream in = null; public final static PrintStream out = null; // 黑色字体 public final static PrintStream err = null; // 红色字体 }
修改输出位置
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintStream; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { System.setErr(new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("demo.txt")))); System.err.println("你好"); } }
接收键盘输入(一般不用此方法)
import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { InputStream input = System.in; System.out.println("请输入姓名:"); byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int len = input.read(data); System.err.println(new String(data, 0, len)); } }
86 BufferedReader缓冲输入流
JDK < 1.5
缓冲字符输入流
继承关系
Reader -BufferedReader
代码示例
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); System.out.println("请输入:"); String msg = reader.readLine(); System.out.println(msg); } }
87 Scanner扫描流
JDK > 1.5
替代BufferedReader
构造函数
判断是否有数据 public boolean hasNext()
读取数据 public String next()
设置分隔符
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入年龄:"); if(scanner.hasNextInt()){ int age = scanner.nextInt(); System.out.println("您输入的年龄是:" + age); } else{ System.out.println("输入不正确"); } scanner.close(); } }
可以结合正则进行判断验证
import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Scanner; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws ParseException { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("请输入生日:"); if (scanner.hasNext("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}")) { String msg = scanner.next("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}"); System.out.println("您输入的年龄是:" + new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse(msg)); } else { System.out.println("输入不正确"); } scanner.close(); } }
读取文件
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.util.Scanner; class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("demo.txt")); // 设置换行分隔符 // scanner.useDelimiter("\n"); while (scanner.hasNext()) { System.out.println(scanner.next()); } scanner.close(); } }
开发中:
输出使用PrintWriter打印流
输入使用Scanner扫描流
第19 章 : 对象序列化
88 对象序列化基本概念
对象序列化:
将内存中保存的对象以二进制数据的形式处理,
实现对象的保存或者网络传输
保存到文件 堆内存 - 二进制转换 -> 保存到数据库 发送到服务器
要序列化的对象必须实现java.io.Serializable 接口
没有任何方法,只是描述一种能力
示例
import java.io.Serializable; class Person implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } }
89 序列化与反序列化处理
继承关系
InputStream(ObjectInput, ObjectStreamConstants) -ObjectInputStream OutputStream(ObjectOutput, ObjectStreamConstants) -ObjectOutputStream
代码示例
import java.io.*; class Person implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } } class Demo { private static final File SAVE_FILE = new File("demo.person"); public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { Person person = new Person("Tom", 23); // saveObject(person); System.out.println(loadObject()); // Person@15aeb7ab } // 序列化 public static void saveObject(Object obj) throws IOException { ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(SAVE_FILE)); oos.writeObject(obj); oos.close(); } // 反序列化 public static Object loadObject() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(SAVE_FILE)); Object obj = ois.readObject(); ois.close(); return obj; } }
实际开发中不直接操作ObjectInputStream、ObjectOutputStream
90 transient关键字
表示进行序列化处理时,不处理被transient关键字修饰的字段
不常用,知道即可
IO继承体系整合
// 字节流: OutputStream(Closeable, Flushable) -FileOutputStream -ByteArrayOutputStream -PipedOutputStream -FilterOutputStream -PrintStream -ObjectOutputStream InputStream(Closeable) -FileInputStream -ByteArrayInputStream -PipedInputStream -ObjectInputStream // 字符流: Writer(Appendable, Closeable, Flushable) -OutputStreamWriter -FileWriter -CharArrayWriter -PipedReader -PrintWriter -BufferedWriter Reader(Readable, Closeable) -InputStreamReader -FileReader -CharArrayReader -PipedWriter -BufferedReader