一、gevent
- greenlet已经实现了协程，但是这个还得人工切换。
- python还有一个比greenlet更强大的并且能够自动切换任务的模块
gevent - 其原理是当一个greenlet遇到IO(指的是input output 输入输出，比如网络、文件操作等)操作时，比如访问网络，就自动切换到其他的greenlet，等到IO操作完成，再在适当的时候切换回来继续执行。
- 由于IO操作非常耗时，经常使程序处于等待状态，有了gevent为我们自动切换协程，就保证总有greenlet在运行，而不是等待IO
1.1 安装
pip3 install gevent二、gevent实现
- gevent遇到延时会自动切换任务，但是yield和greenlet确不会
2.1 gevent的使用-依次执行
import gevent
def f(n):
for i in range(n):
print(gevent.getcurrent(), i)
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()运行结果
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f550: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f910: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x10e49f4b0: f(5)> 4可以看到，3个greenlet是依次运行而不是交替运行
2.2 gevent切换执行-交替执行
import gevent
def f(n):
for i in range(n):
print(gevent.getcurrent(), i)
#用来模拟一个耗时操作，注意不是time模块中的sleep
gevent.sleep(1)
g1 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g2 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g3 = gevent.spawn(f, 5)
g1.join()
g2.join()
g3.join()运行结果
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 0
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 1
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 2
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 3
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1c30: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1870: f(5)> 4
<Greenlet at 0x7fa70ffa1eb0: f(5)> 4三、给程序打补丁
在程序中延时用到的 time.sleep()，而不是gevent.sleep( )，在不修改程序的前提下，给程序打补丁
3.1 依次执行
from gevent import monkey
import gevent
import random
import time
def coroutine_work(coroutine_name):
for i in range(10):
print(coroutine_name, i)
time.sleep(random.random())
gevent.joinall([
gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work1"),
gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work2")
])运行结果
work1 0
work1 1
work1 2
work1 3
work1 4
work1 5
work1 6
work1 7
work1 8
work1 9
work2 0
work2 1
work2 2
work2 3
work2 4
work2 5
work2 6
work2 7
work2 8
work2 93.2 交替执行
from gevent import monkey
import gevent
import random
import time
# 有耗时操作时需要
monkey.patch_all() # 将程序中用到的耗时操作的代码，换为gevent中自己实现的模块
def coroutine_work(coroutine_name):
for i in range(10):
print(coroutine_name, i)
time.sleep(random.random())
gevent.joinall([
gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work1"),
gevent.spawn(coroutine_work, "work2")
])运行结果
work1 0
work2 0
work1 1
work1 2
work1 3
work2 1
work1 4
work2 2
work1 5
work2 3
work1 6
work1 7
work1 8
work2 4
work2 5
work1 9
work2 6
work2 7
work2 8
work2 9