代码如下:
#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1 #include <iostream> #include <cmath> // GLEW #include <GL/glew.h> #include <GL/glut.h> // GLFW #include <GLFW/glfw3.h> #pragma comment(lib, "glew32.lib") // Other Libs #include <SOIL.h> // GLM Mathematics #include <glm/glm.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp> #include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp> // Other includes #include <learnopengl/shader.h> #include <learnopengl/camera.h> // Function prototypes void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode); void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos); void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset); void do_movement(); // Window dimensions const GLuint WIDTH = 800, HEIGHT = 600; // Camera Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f)); GLfloat lastX = WIDTH / 2.0; GLfloat lastY = HEIGHT / 2.0; bool keys[1024]; // Light attributes glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f); // Deltatime GLfloat deltaTime = 0.0f; // Time between current frame and last frame GLfloat lastFrame = 0.0f; // Time of last frame // The MAIN function, from here we start the application and run the game loop int main() { // Init GLFW glfwInit(); // Set all the required options for GLFW glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GL_FALSE); // Create a GLFWwindow object that we can use for GLFW's functions GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", nullptr, nullptr); glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // Set the required callback functions glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback); glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback); glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback); // GLFW Options glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED); // Set this to true so GLEW knows to use a modern approach to retrieving function pointers and extensions glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; // Initialize GLEW to setup the OpenGL Function pointers glewInit(); // Define the viewport dimensions glViewport(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT); // OpenGL options glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); // Build and compile our shader program Shader lightingShader("basic_lighting.vs", "basic_lighting.frag"); Shader lampShader("lamp.vs", "lamp.frag"); // Set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and attribute pointers GLfloat vertices[] = { -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f, 0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f }; // First, set the container's VAO (and VBO) GLuint VBO, containerVAO; glGenVertexArrays(1, &containerVAO); glGenBuffers(1, &VBO); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glBindVertexArray(containerVAO); // Position attribute glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // Normal attribute glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat))); glEnableVertexAttribArray(1); glBindVertexArray(0); // Then, we set the light's VAO (VBO stays the same. After all, the vertices are the same for the light object (also a 3D cube)) GLuint lightVAO; glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightVAO); glBindVertexArray(lightVAO); // We only need to bind to the VBO (to link it with glVertexAttribPointer), no need to fill it; the VBO's data already contains all we need. glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO); // Set the vertex attributes (only position data for the lamp)) glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0); // Note that we skip over the normal vectors glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glBindVertexArray(0); // Game loop while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { // Calculate deltatime of current frame GLfloat currentFrame = glfwGetTime(); deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame; lastFrame = currentFrame; // Check if any events have been activiated (key pressed, mouse moved etc.) and call corresponding response functions glfwPollEvents(); do_movement(); // Clear the colorbuffer glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Use cooresponding shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects lightingShader.Use(); GLint objectColorLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "objectColor"); GLint lightColorLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "lightColor"); GLint lightPosLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "lightPos"); GLint viewPosLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "viewPos"); glUniform3f(objectColorLoc, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f); glUniform3f(lightColorLoc, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glUniform3f(lightPosLoc, lightPos.x, lightPos.y, lightPos.z); glUniform3f(viewPosLoc, camera.Position.x, camera.Position.y, camera.Position.z); // Create camera transformations glm::mat4 view; view = camera.GetViewMatrix(); glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(camera.Zoom, (GLfloat)WIDTH / (GLfloat)HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f); // Get the uniform locations GLint modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "model"); GLint viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "view"); GLint projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lightingShader.Program, "projection"); // Pass the matrices to the shader glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view)); glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection)); // Draw the container (using container's vertex attributes) glBindVertexArray(containerVAO); glm::mat4 model; glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model)); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); glBindVertexArray(0); // Also draw the lamp object, again binding the appropriate shader lampShader.Use(); // Get location objects for the matrices on the lamp shader (these could be different on a different shader) modelLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "model"); viewLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "view"); projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(lampShader.Program, "projection"); // Set matrices glUniformMatrix4fv(viewLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(view)); glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(projection)); model = glm::mat4(); model = glm::translate(model, lightPos); model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // Make it a smaller cube glUniformMatrix4fv(modelLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(model)); // Draw the light object (using light's vertex attributes) glBindVertexArray(lightVAO); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36); glBindVertexArray(0); // Swap the screen buffers glfwSwapBuffers(window); } // Terminate GLFW, clearing any resources allocated by GLFW. glfwTerminate(); return 0; } // Is called whenever a key is pressed/released via GLFW void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mode) { if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS) glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE); if (key >= 0 && key < 1024) { if (action == GLFW_PRESS) keys[key] = true; else if (action == GLFW_RELEASE) keys[key] = false; } } void do_movement() { // Camera controls if (keys[GLFW_KEY_W]) camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime); if (keys[GLFW_KEY_S]) camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime); if (keys[GLFW_KEY_A]) camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime); if (keys[GLFW_KEY_D]) camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime); } bool firstMouse = true; void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos) { if (firstMouse) { lastX = xpos; lastY = ypos; firstMouse = false; } GLfloat xoffset = xpos - lastX; GLfloat yoffset = lastY - ypos; // Reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to left lastX = xpos; lastY = ypos; camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset); } void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset) { camera.ProcessMouseScroll(yoffset); }
错误信息:
Error 20 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp___CrtDbgReportW referenced in function "public: char const & __thiscall std::_String_const_iterator<class std::_String_val<struct std::_Simple_types<char> > >::operator*(void)const " (??D?$_String_const_iterator@V?$_String_val@U?$_Simple_types@D@std@@@std@@@std@@QBEABDXZ) C:\Users\xulun\Desktop\LearnOpenGL-master\basic_lighting_specular.obj 2.basic_lighting Error 22 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp____stdio_common_vsscanf referenced in function __vsscanf_l C:\Users\xulun\Desktop\LearnOpenGL-master\glfw3.lib(context.c.obj) 2.basic_lighting Error 21 error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __imp____stdio_common_vsprintf referenced in function __glfwInputError C:\Users\xulun\Desktop\LearnOpenGL-master\glfw3.lib(init.c.obj) 2.basic_lighting
编译需要添加"/MDd"选项,就可以了
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