一种方法是将您的表2转换为长格式，其中一列用于GeneGroupName成员基因，一列用于成员基因，然后使用match。

(table1 <- data.frame(GeneName=sample(LETTERS[1:12]), col2=runif(12)))

GeneName col2

1 F 0.6116285

2 L 0.5752088

3 J 0.7499011

4 D 0.9405068

5 A 0.9360968

6 K 0.6549850

7 I 0.7070163

8 E 0.3521952

9 C 0.4234293

10 G 0.7750203

11 B 0.1418680

12 H 0.6632382

(table2 <- data.frame(GeneGroupName=1:4, g1=LETTERS[1:4], g2=LETTERS[5:8], g3=LETTERS[9:12]))

GeneGroupName g1 g2 g3

1 1 A E I

2 2 B F J

3 3 C G K

4 4 D H L

(table2.long <- reshape(table2, direction='long', varying=list(-1), timevar='gene'))

GeneGroupName gene g1 id

1.1 1 1 A 1

2.1 2 1 B 2

3.1 3 1 C 3

4.1 4 1 D 4

1.2 1 2 E 1

2.2 2 2 F 2

3.2 3 2 G 3

4.2 4 2 H 4

1.3 1 3 I 1

2.3 2 3 J 2

3.3 3 3 K 3

4.3 4 3 L 4

table1$grp <- table2.long$GeneGroupName[match(table1$GeneName, table2.long$g1)]

table1

GeneName col2 GeneGroupName

1 F 0.6116285 2

2 L 0.5752088 4

3 J 0.7499011 2

4 D 0.9405068 4

5 A 0.9360968 1

6 K 0.6549850 3

7 I 0.7070163 1

8 E 0.3521952 1

9 C 0.4234293 3

10 G 0.7750203 3

11 B 0.1418680 2

12 H 0.6632382 4来源：stack overflow