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str在python是什么类型

str在python是什么类型

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云计算小粉 2018-05-10 20:11:06 6922 分享 版权
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  • python有两大类型

    可变类型和不可变类型

    可变包括列表,字典,集合;不可变包括整型,字符串,元组。

    2019-11-05 15:37:28
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  • 一、字符串的创建

    test = str() / ""
    test = str("licheng") / "licheng"
    无参数,创建空字符串
    一个参数,创建普通字符串
    两个参数,int(字节,编码)
    二、字符串的常用方法

    复制代码

    capitalize():字符串首字符大写

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.capitalize()
    print(new_str)

    输出:This is a string.

    center(width, fillchar=None):将字符串放在中间,在指定长度下,首尾以指定字符填充

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.center(30,'*')
    print(new_str)

    输出:this is a string.*

    count(sub, start=None, end=None):计算字符串中某字符的数量

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.count('i')
    print(new_str)

    输出:3

    decode/encode(encoding=None, errors=None):解码/解码

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.decode()
    new_str = string.encode()
    print(new_str)

    endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):判断是否以某字符结尾

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.endswith('ing.')
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    find(self, sub, start=None, end=None):在字符串中寻找指定字符的位置

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.find('a') #找的到的情况
    print(new_str)

    输出:8

    new_str = string.find('xx') #找不到的情况返回-1
    print(new_str)

    输出:-1

    index(self, sub, start=None, end=None):;类似find

    string = 'this is a string.'
    new_str = string.index('a') #找的到的情况
    print(new_str)

    输出:8

    new_str = string.index('xx') #找不到的情况,程序报错
    print(new_str)

    输出:程序运行报错,ValueError: substring not found

    isalnum(self):判断字符串中是否都是数字和字母,如果是则返回True,否则返回False

    string = 'My name is yue,my age is 18.'
    new_str = string.isalnum()
    print(new_str)

    输出:False

    string = 'haha18121314lala'
    new_str = string.isalnum()
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    isalpha(self):判断字符串中是否都是字母,如果是则返回True,否则返回False

    string = 'abcdefg'
    new_str = string.isalpha()
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    string = 'my name is yue'
    new_str = string.isalpha() #字母中间带空格、特殊字符都不行
    print(new_str)

    输出:False

    isdigit(self):判断字符串中是否都是数字,如果是则返回True,否则返回False

    string = '1234567890'
    new_str = string.isdigit()
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    string = 'haha123lala'
    new_str = string.isdigit() #中间带空格、特殊字符都不行
    print(new_str)

    输出:False

    islower(self):判断字符串中的字母是否都是小写,如果是则返回True,否则返回False

    string = 'my name is yue,my age is 18.'
    new_str = string.islower()
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    string = 'My name is Yue,my age is 18.'
    new_str = string.islower()
    print(new_str)

    输出:False

    isupper(self):检测字符串中所有的字母是否都为大写。

    string = 'MY NAME IS YUE.'
    new_str = string.isupper()
    print(new_str)

    输出:True

    string = 'My name is Yue.'
    new_str = string.isupper()
    print(new_str)

    输出:False

    join(self, iterable):将序列中的元素以指定的字符连接生成一个新的字符串。

    string = ("haha","lala","ohoh")
    str = "-"
    print(str.join(string))

    输出:haha-lala-ohoh

    lower(self):转换字符串中所有大写字符为小写。

    string = "My Name is YUE."
    print(string.lower())

    输出:my name is yue.

    lstrip(self, chars=None):截掉字符串左边的空格或指定字符。

    string = " My Name is YUE."
    print(string.lstrip())

    输出:My Name is YUE.

    string = "My Name is YUE."
    print(string.lstrip('My'))

    输出: Name is YUE.

    replace(self, old, new, count=None):把字符串中的 old(旧字符串) 替换成 new(新字符串),如果指定第三个参数max,则替换不超过 max 次。

    string = "My name is yue."
    print(string.replace("yue","ying"))

    输出:My name is ying.

    rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None):返回字符串最后一次出现的位置,如果没有匹配项则返回-1。

    string = "My name is yue."
    print(string.rfind('is'))

    输出:8

    string = "My name is yue."
    print(string.rfind('XXX'))

    输出:-1

    split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片。

    string = "haha lala gege"
    print(string.split(' '))

    输出:['haha', 'lala', 'gege']

    print(string.split(' ', 1 ))

    输出: ['haha', 'lala gege']

    rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None):通过指定分隔符对字符串从右进行切片。

    string = "haha lala gege"
    print(string.rsplit(' '))

    输出:['haha', 'lala', 'gege']

    print(string.rsplit(' ', 1 ))

    输出: ['haha lala', 'gege']

    rstrip(self, chars=None):删除 string 字符串末尾的指定字符(默认为空格).

    string = " My name is yue. "
    print(string.rstrip())

    输出: My name is yue.

    strip(self, chars=None):移除字符串头尾指定的字符(默认为空格)。

    string = " My name is yue. "
    print(string.strip())

    输出:My name is yue.

    upper(self):将字符串中的小写字母转为大写字母。

    string = "my name is yue,my age is 18."
    print(string.upper())

    输出:MY NAME IS YUE,MY AGE IS 18.

    复制代码
    str源码
    三、字符串的公共功能

    索引(只能取一个元素)
    切片(取多个元素)
    长度(len)
    python2:按字节算长度
    python3:按字符算长度
    for循环(同长度的版本循环单位)
    四、字符与字节的转换

    复制代码

    将gbk编码的字符转化为字节

    s = "李程"
    b = bytes(s, encoding="gbk")
    type(b) 输出为字节类型

    将字节转化为字符

    c = str(b, encoding="gbk")
    复制代码
    五、字符串格式化

    Python的字符串格式化有两种方式: 百分号方式、format方式

    百分号的方式相对来说比较老,而format方式则是比较先进的方式,企图替换古老的方式,目前两者并存。

    1、百分号方式

    %(name)[width].[precision]typecode
    参数详解
    常用格式化:

    复制代码
    tpl = "i am %s" % "spark"

    tpl = "i am %s age %d" % ("spark", 18)

    tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "spark", "age": 18}

    tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.97623

    tpl = "i am %(pp).2f" % {"pp": 123.425556, }

    tpl = "i am %.2f %%" % {"pp": 123.425556, }
    复制代码
    2、Format方式

    [[fill]align]sign0,[type]
    参数详解
    常用格式化:

    复制代码
    1 tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format("seven", 18, 'alex')
    2
    3 tpl = "i am {}, age {}, {}".format(*["seven", 18, 'alex'])
    4
    5 tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format("seven", 18)
    6
    7 tpl = "i am {0}, age {1}, really {0}".format(*["seven", 18])
    8
    9 tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18)
    10
    11 tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18})
    12
    13 tpl = "i am {0[0]}, age {0[1]}, really {0[2]}".format([1, 2, 3], [11, 22, 33])
    14
    15 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}, money {:f}".format("seven", 18, 88888.1)
    16
    17 tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18])
    18
    19 tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(name="seven", age=18)
    20
    21 tpl = "i am {name:s}, age {age:d}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18})
    22
    23 tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)
    24
    25 tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)
    26
    27 tpl = "numbers: {0:b},{0:o},{0:d},{0:x},{0:X}, {0:%}".format(15)
    28
    29 tpl = "numbers: {num:b},{num:o},{num:d},{num:x},{num:X}, {num:%}".format(num=15)

    2019-07-17 22:25:42
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