docker备份数据指令

container_name：容器名称，此处也可填容器ID。
db_user：数据库账号。
db_password：数据库密码。
database：要备份的数据库。
file_path：备份出来的文件名。

docker exec -it {container_name} mysqldump -u{db_user} -p{db_password} {database} > {file_path}

脚本

python脚本

1.能指定要备份的数据库
2.将备份出来的SQL文件打包成压缩文件，并以一定的规范来命名，比如：mysqlname_2021-01-20-20.zip，mysqlname是前缀，2021-01-20-20代表是2021年01月20日20点的时候备份的
3.定期删除5个小时或10个小时之前的备份文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import datetime
import os
import shutil
import subprocess
import time
import zipfile
 
# 数据库用户名
db_user = "root"
# 数据库密码
db_password = "123456"
# 备份目录
backup_dir = "/var/test_backup"
# backup_prefix和backup_suffix分别为备份文件的前缀和后缀，如test_backup_2019-09-19-11则代表该文件是在2019年9月19日的11点时备份的
backup_prefix = "test_backup"
backup_suffix = "%Y-%m-%d-%H"
# 备份数据库列表
backup_databases = [
    "test1",
    "test2",
]
# 容器名
container_name = "mysql-test"
# 过期小时，定期删除5个小时前的备份文件
expire_hour = 5
 
 
# 获取备份文件名
def get_backup_filename():
    t = time.strftime(backup_suffix, time.localtime())
    return "%s_%s" % (backup_prefix, t)
 
 
def get_backup_path():
    return "%s%s%s" % (backup_dir, os.sep, get_backup_filename())
 
 
# 获取过期时间戳
def get_expire_time():
    t = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=expire_hour)
    return int(time.mktime(t.timetuple()))
 
 
def create_dir(dir_path):
    # 如果目录存在则退出
    if os.path.exists(dir_path):
        return
    os.mkdir(dir_path)
 
 
cmd_template = "docker exec -it {container_name} mysqldump -u{db_user} -p{db_password} {database} > {file_path}"
 
 
# 备份指定数据库
def backup_database(backup_path, database):
    file_path = os.sep.join([backup_path, "%s.sql" % database])
    d = {
        "container_name": container_name,
        "db_user": db_user,
        "db_password": db_password,
        "database": database,
        "file_path": file_path,
    }
    cmd = cmd_template.format(**d)
    subprocess.call(cmd, shell=True)
 
 
def zip_dir(dir_path):
    file_path = '.'.join([dir_path, "zip"])
    if os.path.exists(file_path):
        os.remove(file_path)
    z = zipfile.ZipFile(file_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
    for root, directories, files in os.walk(dir_path):
        fpath = root.replace(dir_path, '')
        fpath = fpath and fpath + os.sep or ''
        for filename in files:
            z.write(os.path.join(root, filename), fpath + filename)
    z.close()
 
 
# 备份数据库
def backup():
    backup_path = get_backup_path()
    try:
        create_dir(backup_path)
        for database in backup_databases:
            backup_database(backup_path, database)
        zip_dir(backup_path)
    finally:
        shutil.rmtree(backup_path)
 
 
# 清理过期备份文件
def clean():
    expire_time = get_expire_time()
    for root, directories, files in os.walk(backup_dir):
        for file in files:
            if not file.startswith(backup_prefix):
                continue
            if not file.endswith(".zip"):
                continue
            file_path = os.sep.join([root, file])
            t = os.path.getctime(file_path)
            if t < expire_time:
                os.remove(file_path)
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    try:
        backup()
    finally:
        clean()

shell脚本

#!/bin/bash
# 设置mysql的登录用户名和密码(根据实际情况填写)
mysql_user="root"
mysql_password="root"
mysql_host="localhost"
mysql_port="3306"
mysql_charset="utf8mb4"
 
# 备份文件存放地址(根据实际情况填写)
backup_location=/usr/local
 
# 是否删除过期数据
expire_backup_delete="ON"
expire_days=7
backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`
backup_dir=$backup_location
welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!"
# 备份指定数据库中数据(此处假设数据库是mysql_backup_test)
　docker exec -it mysql mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password -B test1 > $backup_dir/mysql_backup_test-$backup_time.sql
 
# 删除过期数据
if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a  "$backup_location" != "" ];then
        `find $backup_location/ -type f -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
        echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
fi