1 前言
在RPC通信数据的传输场景下,当通信报文数据传输较大时,会对数据包进行压缩传输,根据不同传输场景,常用的压缩算法有Zlib、Gzip、Bzip2、Deflater、Lz4、Lzo、Snappy算法等。以下将包括算法的介绍、Java实现代码以及各算法间的模拟性能对比。
2 压缩方案
Zlib
bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。对于压缩和解压缩,没有数据长度的限制,bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { byte[] output; Deflater compresser = new Deflater(); compresser.reset(); compresser.setInput(data); compresser.finish(); ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length); try { byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; while (!compresser.finished()) { int i = compresser.deflate(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, i); } output = bos.toByteArray(); } catch (Exception e) { output = data; e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { bos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } compresser.end(); return output; } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { byte[] output; Inflater decompresser = new Inflater(); decompresser.reset(); decompresser.setInput(data); ByteArrayOutputStream o = new ByteArrayOutputStream(data.length); try { byte[] buf = new byte[1024]; while (!decompresser.finished()) { int i = decompresser.inflate(buf); o.write(buf, 0, i); } output = o.toByteArray(); } catch (Exception e) { output = data; e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { o.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } decompresser.end(); return output; }
测试结果:
Gzip
gzip的实现算法还是deflate,只是在deflate格式上增加了文件头和文件尾,同样jdk也对gzip提供了支持,分别是GZIPOutputStream和GZIPInputStream类,同样可以发现GZIPOutputStream是继承于DeflaterOutputStream的,GZIPInputStream继承于InflaterInputStream,并且可以在源码中发现writeHeader和writeTrailer方法。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); GZIPOutputStream gzip; try { gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(out); gzip.write(data); gzip.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return out.toByteArray(); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); try { GZIPInputStream ungzip = new GZIPInputStream(in); byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; int n; while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) { out.write(buffer, 0, n); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return out.toByteArray(); }
测试结果:
Bzip2
bzip2是Julian Seward开发并按照自由软件/开源软件协议发布的数据压缩算法及程序。Seward在1996年7月第一次公开发布了bzip2 0.15版,在随后几年中这个压缩工具稳定性得到改善并且日渐流行,Seward在2000年晚些时候发布了1.0版。bzip2比传统的gzip的压缩效率更高,但是它的压缩速度较慢。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); BZip2CompressorOutputStream bcos = new BZip2CompressorOutputStream(out); bcos.write(data); bcos.close(); return out.toByteArray(); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); try { @SuppressWarnings("resource") BZip2CompressorInputStream ungzip = new BZip2CompressorInputStream(in); byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; int n; while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) { out.write(buffer, 0, n); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return out.toByteArray(); }
测试结果:
Deflater
DEFLATE是同时使用了LZ77算法与哈夫曼编码(Huffman Coding)的一个无损数据压缩算法,DEFLATE压缩与解压的源代码可以在自由、通用的压缩库zlib上找到,zlib官网:http://www.zlib.net/ jdk中对zlib压缩库提供了支持,压缩类Deflater和解压类Inflater,Deflater和Inflater都提供了native方法。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); Deflater compressor = new Deflater(1); try { compressor.setInput(data); compressor.finish(); final byte[] buf = new byte[2048]; while (!compressor.finished()) { int count = compressor.deflate(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, count); } } finally { compressor.end(); } return bos.toByteArray(); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); Inflater decompressor = new Inflater(); try { decompressor.setInput(data); final byte[] buf = new byte[2048]; while (!decompressor.finished()) { int count = decompressor.inflate(buf); bos.write(buf, 0, count); } } catch (DataFormatException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { decompressor.end(); } return bos.toByteArray(); }
测试结果:
Lz4
LZ4是一种无损数据压缩算法,着重于压缩和解压缩速度。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance(); ByteArrayOutputStream byteOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); LZ4Compressor compressor = factory.fastCompressor(); LZ4BlockOutputStream compressedOutput = new LZ4BlockOutputStream(byteOutput, 2048, compressor); compressedOutput.write(data); compressedOutput.close(); return byteOutput.toByteArray(); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { LZ4Factory factory = LZ4Factory.fastestInstance(); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); LZ4FastDecompressor decompresser = factory.fastDecompressor(); LZ4BlockInputStream lzis = new LZ4BlockInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data), decompresser); int count; byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; while ((count = lzis.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, count); } lzis.close(); return baos.toByteArray(); }
测试结果:
Lzo
LZO是致力于解压速度的一种数据压缩算法,LZO是Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer的缩写,这个算法是无损算法。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { LzoCompressor compressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newCompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null); ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); LzoOutputStream cs = new LzoOutputStream(os, compressor); cs.write(data); cs.close(); return os.toByteArray(); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { LzoDecompressor decompressor = LzoLibrary.getInstance().newDecompressor(LzoAlgorithm.LZO1X, null); ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(data); @SuppressWarnings("resource") LzoInputStream us = new LzoInputStream(is, decompressor); int count; byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; while ((count = us.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, count); } return baos.toByteArray(); }
测试结果:
Snappy
Snappy(以前称Zippy)是Google基于LZ77的思路用C++语言编写的快速数据压缩与解压程序库,并在2011年开源。它的目标并非最大压缩率或与其他压缩程序库的兼容性,而是非常高的速度和合理的压缩率。
核心代码:
@Override public byte[] compress(byte[] data) throws IOException { return Snappy.compress(data); } @Override public byte[] uncompress(byte[] data) throws IOException { return Snappy.uncompress(data); }
测试结果:
3 性能对比
ENV:JDK:11/CPU:4C/
不同大小文件压缩效率及质量有差异,性能对比仅供参考;
Compress Rate(%) = Size Before(byte) / Size After(byte) * 100%
源码地址
上传至Gitee仓库:
Gitee仓库源码
https://gitee.com/javanoteany/compress.git