一、SpringDataJPa
介绍springDataJPa
Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 基于 ORM 框架、JPA 规范的基础上封装的一套JPA应用框架,可使开发者用极简的代码即可实现对数据库的访问和操作。它提供了包括增删改查等在内的常用功能,且易于扩展!学习并使用 Spring Data JPA 可以极大提高开发效率!
Spring Data JPA 是更大的 Spring Data 系列的一部分,可以轻松实现基于 JPA 的存储库。该模块处理对基于 JPA 的数据访问层的增强支持。它使构建使用数据访问技术的 Spring 驱动的应用程序变得更加容易。
SpringDataJPA其实是对JPA规范的封装抽象,底层还是使用了Hibernate的JPA技术实现,引用JPQL(Java Persistence Query Language)查询语言,属于Spring整个生态体系的一部分。随着Spring Boot和Spring Cloud在市场上的流行,Spring Data JPA也逐渐进入大家的视野,它们组成有机的整体,使用起来比较方便,加快了开发的效率,使开发者不需要关心和配置更多的东西,完全可以沉浸在Spring的完整生态标准实现下。JPA上手简单,开发效率高,对对象的支持比较好,又有很大的灵活性,市场的认可度越来越高。
官网地址:Spring Data JPA
SpringDataJpa,jpa,hibernate之间的关系
底层工作的还是Hibernate,听说啊,JPA与Hibernate的创始人是同一人。
二、搭建环境
1.创建Maven工程,导入坐标
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>JPA</artifactId> <groupId>com.dynamic</groupId> <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>JPA-Day2</artifactId> <properties> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- junit单元测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring对orm框架的支持包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring end --> <!-- hibernate beg --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>5.2.1.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- hibernate end --> <!-- c3p0 beg --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- c3p0 end --> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- spring data jpa 的坐标--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.el</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId> <artifactId>javax.el</artifactId> <version>2.2.4</version> </dependency> <!-- el end --> </dependencies> </project>
2.编写SpringDataJPA的配置文件(applicationContext.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd"> <!-- 1.dataSource 配置数据库连接池--> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> </bean> <!-- 2.配置entityManagerFactory --> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.dynamic.domain" /> <property name="persistenceProvider"> <bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider" /> </property> <!--jpa的供应商适配器 --> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 --> <property name="generateDdl" value="false" /> <!--指定数据库类型 --> <property name="database" value="MYSQL" /> <!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 --> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> <!--是否显示sql --> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> <!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 --> <property name="jpaDialect" > <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" /> </property> </bean> <!-- 3.事务管理器--> <!-- JPA事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 整合spring data jpa--> <jpa:repositories base-package="com.dynamic.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories> <!-- 4.txAdvice--> <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/> <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <!-- 5.aop--> <!-- <aop:config>--> <!-- <aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.dynamic.service.*.*(..))" />--> <!-- <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />--> <!-- </aop:config>--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.dynamic"></context:component-scan> <!--组装其它 配置文件--> </beans>
3.创建实体类,数据库表
package com.dynamic.domain; import javax.persistence.*; /** * @Author: Promsing(张有博) * @Date: 2021/10/13 - 17:29 * @Description: 客户的实体类 * 配置映射关系 * 1.实体类和表的映射关系 * @Entity 声明是实体类 * @Table(name = "cst_customer") 实体类与表的映射关系,name配置表的名称 * * 2.实体类中属性和表字段的映射关系 * @version: 1.0 */ @Entity @Table(name = "cst_customer") public class Customer { /** * @Id:声明主键的配置 * @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略 * strategy * GenerationType.IDENTITY :自增,mysql * * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长(底层数据库支持的自动增长方式,对id自增) * GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列,oracle * * 底层数据库必须支持序列 * GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制,通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增 * GenerationType.AUTO : 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略 * @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系 * name:数据库表中字段的名称 */ @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) @Column(name = "cust_id") private Long id;//主键 @Column(name="cust_name") private String custName; @Column(name="cust_source") private String custSource; @Column(name = "cust_industry") private String custIndustry;//所属行业 @Column(name="cust_level") private String custLevel; @Column(name = "cust_address") private String custAddress; @Column(name = "cost_phone") private String custPhone; public Long getId() { return id; } public void setId(Long id) { this.id = id; } public String getCustName() { return custName; } public void setCustName(String custName) { this.custName = custName; } public String getCustSource() { return custSource; } public void setCustSource(String custSource) { this.custSource = custSource; } public String getCustIndustry() { return custIndustry; } public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) { this.custIndustry = custIndustry; } public String getCustLevel() { return custLevel; } public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) { this.custLevel = custLevel; } public String getCustAddress() { return custAddress; } public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) { this.custAddress = custAddress; } public String getCustPhone() { return custPhone; } public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) { this.custPhone = custPhone; } @Override public String toString() { return "Customer{" + "id=" + id + ", custName='" + custName + '\'' + ", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' + ", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' + ", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' + ", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' + ", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' + '}'; } }
4.数据库表的SQL
CREATE TABLE `cst_customer` ( `cust_id` bigint(32) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '客户编号(主键)', `cust_name` varchar(32) NOT NULL COMMENT '客户名称(公司名称)', `cust_source` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户信息来源', `cust_industry` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户所属行业', `cust_level` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户级别', `cust_address` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系地址', `cust_phone` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '客户联系电话', `cost_phone` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`cust_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; 5.DAO接口 package com.dynamic.dao; import com.dynamic.domain.Customer; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query; import java.util.List; /** * @Author: Promsing(张有博) * @Date: 2021/10/17 - 17:36 * @Description: 需要符合springDataJPA的dao层接口规范 * JpaRepository<操作的实体类型,实体类中主键属性的类型> * *封装了基本的CRUD操作 * JpaSpecificationExecutor<操作的实体类型> * *封装了复杂查询(分页) * @version: 1.0 */ public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> { }