流程控制函数

• 流程处理函数可以根据不同的条件，执行不同的处理流程，可以在SQL语句中实现不同的条件选择。MySQL中的流程处理函数主要包括IF()、IFNULL()和CASE()函数。

SELECT IF(1 > 0,'正确','错误')    
->正确

SELECT IFNULL(null,'Hello Word')
->Hello Word

SELECT CASE 
　　WHEN 1 > 0
　　THEN '1 > 0'
　　WHEN 2 > 0
　　THEN '2 > 0'
　　ELSE '3 > 0'
　　END
->1 > 0

SELECT CASE 1 
　　WHEN 1 THEN '我是1'
　　WHEN 2 THEN '我是2'
ELSE '你是谁'

SELECT employee_id,salary, CASE WHEN salary>=15000 THEN '高薪' 
                  WHEN salary>=10000 THEN '潜力股'  
                  WHEN salary>=8000 THEN '屌丝' 
                  ELSE '草根' END  "描述"
FROM employees; 

SELECT oid,`status`, CASE `status` WHEN 1 THEN '未付款' 
                                   WHEN 2 THEN '已付款' 
                                   WHEN 3 THEN '已发货'  
                                   WHEN 4 THEN '确认收货'  
                                   ELSE '无效订单' END 
FROM t_order;

mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1 > 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 <= 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CASE WHEN 1 > 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 <= 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| yes                                                                  |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1 < 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 = 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END;  
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| CASE WHEN 1 < 0 THEN 'yes' WHEN 1 = 0 THEN 'no' ELSE 'unknown' END |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| unknown                                                             |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END;
+------------------------------------------------+
| CASE 1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END |
+------------------------------------------------+
|                                               1 |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CASE -1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END;
+-------------------------------------------------+
| CASE -1 WHEN 0 THEN 0 WHEN 1 THEN 1 ELSE -1 END |
+-------------------------------------------------+
|                                               -1 |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SELECT employee_id,12 * salary * (1 + IFNULL(commission_pct,0))
FROM employees;

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary,
       CASE job_id WHEN 'IT_PROG'  THEN  1.10*salary
                   WHEN 'ST_CLERK' THEN  1.15*salary
                   WHEN 'SA_REP'   THEN  1.20*salary
                      ELSE      salary END     "REVISED_SALARY"
FROM   employees;