Nginx是高性能轻量级WEB服务器的优秀代表，因为其提供HTTP代理商和反向代理商、负载均衡、缓存等一系列重要特性，从而广泛应用于当今的Web后台服务之中，而且各大互联网公司也都在重度使用，所以作为一个开发者，学会Nginx的使用和配置很有必要。
本文列举一些基本的配置项

侦听端口

server {  
  # Standard HTTP Protocol  
  listen 80;  
  # Standard HTTPS Protocol  
  listen 443 ssl;  
  # For http2  
  listen 443 ssl http2;  
  # Listen on 80 using IPv6  
  listen [::]:80;  
  # Listen only on using IPv6  
  listen [::]:80 ipv6only=on;  
}

访问日志

server {  
  # Relative or full path to log file  
  access_log /path/to/file.log;  
  # Turn 'on' or 'off'    
  access_log on;  
}

域名

server {  
  # Listen to yourdomain.com  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  # Listen to multiple domains server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;  
  # Listen to all domains  
  server_name *.yourdomain.com;  
  # Listen to all top-level domains  
  server_name yourdomain.*;  
  # Listen to unspecified Hostnames (Listens to IP address itself)  
  server_name "";  
}

静态资产

server {  
  listen 80;  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  location / {  
    root /path/to/website;  
  }  
}

重定向

server {  
  listen 80;  
  server_name www.yourdomain.com;  
  return 301 http://yourdomain.com$request_uri;  
}  

server {  
  listen 80;  
  server_name www.yourdomain.com;  
  location /redirect-url {  
    return 301 http://otherdomain.com;  
  }  
}

反向代理

server {  
  listen 80;  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  location / {  
    proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:3000;  
    # where 0.0.0.0:3000 is your application server (Ex: node.js) bound on       0.0.0.0 listening on port 3000  
  }  
}

负载均衡

upstream node_js {  
  server 0.0.0.0:3000;  
  server 0.0.0.0:4000;  
  server 123.131.121.122;  
}  
server {  
  listen 80;  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  location / {  
    proxy_pass http://node_js;  
  }  
}

SSL 协议

server {  
  listen 443 ssl;  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  ssl on;  
  ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;  
  ssl_certificate_key /path/to/privatekey.pem;  
  ssl_stapling on;  
  ssl_stapling_verify on;  
  ssl_trusted_certificate /path/to/fullchain.pem;  
  ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;  
  ssl_session_timeout 1h;  
  ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;  
  add_header Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15768000;  
}  
# Permanent Redirect for HTTP to HTTPS  
server   
{  
  listen 80;  
  server_name yourdomain.com;  
  return 301 https://$host$request_uri;  
}