硬盘监控和分析工具：Smartctl
Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自监控，分析和报告技术）是类Unix系统下实施SMART任务命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自检和错误日志，启用并禁用SMRAT自动检测，以及初始化设备自检。
Smartctl对于Linux物理服务器十分有用，在这些服务器上，可以对智能磁盘进行错误检查，并将与硬件RAID相关的磁盘信息摘录下来。
在本帖中，我们将讨论smartctl命令的一些实用样例。如果你的Linux上海没有安装smartctl，请按以下步骤来安装。
安装 Smartctl
对于 Ubuntu
- $ sudo apt-get install smartmontools
对于 CentOS & RHEL
- # yum install smartmontools
启动Smartctl服务
对于 Ubuntu
- $ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start
对于 CentOS & RHEL
- # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on
样例
样例：1 检查磁盘的 Smart 功能是否启用
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
- Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
- Device Model: ST9320325AS
- Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
- LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
- Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
- User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
- Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
- Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
- Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
- ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
- SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
- Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
- SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
- SMART support is: Enabled
这里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盘。上面输出中的最后两行显示了SMART功能已启用。
样例：2 启用磁盘的 Smart 功能
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
- SMART Enabled.
样例：3 禁用磁盘的 Smart 功能
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
- SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
样例：4 显示磁盘的详细 Smart 信息
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive
样例：5 显示磁盘总体健康状况
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
- SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
- Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
- Please note the following marginal Attributes:
- ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
- 190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 067 045 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)
样例：6 使用long和short选项测试硬盘
Long测试
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
- Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
- Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
- Testing has begun.
- Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
- Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
- Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或者，我们可以重定向测试输出到日志文件，就像下面这样
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text
Short测试
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
- Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
- Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
- Testing has begun.
- Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
- Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
- Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text
注意：short测试将花费最多2分钟，而在long测试中没有时间限制，因为它会读取并验证磁盘的每个段。
样例：7 查看驱动器的自检结果
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
- SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
- Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
- # 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
- # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492 210841222
样例：8 计算测试时间估值
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
- General SMART Values:
- Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
- was never started.
- Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
- Self-test execution status: ( 121) The previous self-test completed having
- the read element of the test failed.
- Total time to complete Offline
- data collection: ( 0) seconds.
- Offline data collection
- capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
- Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
- Suspend Offline collection upon new
- command.
- No Offline surface scan supported.
- Self-test supported.
- Conveyance Self-test supported.
- Selective Self-test supported.
- SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
- power-saving mode.
- Supports SMART auto save timer.
- Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
- General Purpose Logging supported.
- Short self-test routine
- recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
- Extended self-test routine
- recommended polling time: ( 102) minutes.
- Conveyance self-test routine
- recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
- SCT capabilities: (0x103b) SCT Status supported.
- SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
- SCT Feature Control supported.
- SCT Data Table supported.
样例：9 显示磁盘错误日志
- root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
- Sample Output
- smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
- Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
- === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
- SMART Error Log Version: 1
- ATA Error Count: 5
- CR = Command Register [HEX]
- FR = Features Register [HEX]
- SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
- SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
- CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
- CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
- DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
- DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
- ER = Error register [HEX]
- ST = Status register [HEX]
- Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
- DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
- SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
- Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
- CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
- 25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
- 25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
- 25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
- 25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
- 25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00 00:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT
原文发布时间：2015-01-16
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