1 责任链模式
责任链模式（Chain of Responsibility Pattern）为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链。这种模式给予请求的类型，对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。这种类型的设计模式属于行为型模式。在这种模式中，通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。
2 优点和缺点
职责链上的处理者负责处理请求，客户只需要将请求发送到职责链上即可，无须关心请求的处理细节和请求的传递，所以职责链将请求的发送者和请求的处理者解耦了。
3 测试Demo类图
我们创建抽象类 AbstractLogger，带有详细的日志记录级别。然后我们创建三种类型的记录器，都扩展了 AbstractLogger。每个记录器消息的级别是否属于自己的级别，如果是则相应地打印出来，否则将不打印并把消息传给下一个记录器
4 代码实现
1） AbstractLogger.java
public abstract class AbstractLogger { public static int INFO = 1; public static int DEBUG = 2; public static int ERROR = 3; protected int level; //责任链中的下一个元素 protected AbstractLogger nextLogger; public void setNextLogger(AbstractLogger nextLogger){ this.nextLogger = nextLogger; } public void logMessage(int level, String message){ if(this.level <= level){ write(message); } if(nextLogger !=null){ nextLogger.logMessage(level, message); } } abstract protected void write(String message); }
2）ConsoleLogger.java
public class ConsoleLogger extends AbstractLogger { public ConsoleLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("Standard Console::Logger: " + message); } }
3）ErrorLogger.java
public class ErrorLogger extends AbstractLogger { public ErrorLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("Error Console::Logger: " + message); } }
4）FileLogger.java
public class FileLogger extends AbstractLogger { public FileLogger(int level){ this.level = level; } @Override protected void write(String message) { System.out.println("File::Logger: " + message); } }
5） ChainPatternDemo.java
public class ChainPatternDemo { private static AbstractLogger getChainOfLoggers(){ AbstractLogger errorLogger = new ErrorLogger(AbstractLogger.ERROR); AbstractLogger fileLogger = new FileLogger(AbstractLogger.DEBUG); AbstractLogger consoleLogger = new ConsoleLogger(AbstractLogger.INFO); errorLogger.setNextLogger(fileLogger); fileLogger.setNextLogger(consoleLogger); return errorLogger; } public static void main(String[] args) { AbstractLogger loggerChain = getChainOfLoggers(); loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.INFO, "This is an information."); loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.DEBUG, "This is a debug level information."); loggerChain.logMessage(AbstractLogger.ERROR, "This is an error information."); } }
5 运行结果
Standard Console::Logger: This is an information. File::Logger: This is a debug level information. Standard Console::Logger: This is a debug level information. Error Console::Logger: This is an error information. File::Logger: This is an error information. Standard Console::Logger: This is an error information.
参考地址：https://www.runoob.com/design-pattern/chain-of-responsibility-pattern.html
