小菜尝试做一个新闻类 app 常见的可以滑动添加和删除 item 选项卡的小功能,小菜尝试采用 Draggable + DragTarget 方式;今天先学习一下 Draggable 拖拽组件的基本应用;
Draggable
源码分析
const Draggable({
Key key,
@required this.child,
@required this.feedback,
this.data,
this.axis,
this.childWhenDragging,
this.feedbackOffset = Offset.zero,
this.dragAnchor = DragAnchor.child,
this.affinity,
this.maxSimultaneousDrags,
this.onDragStarted,
this.onDraggableCanceled,
this.onDragEnd,
this.onDragCompleted,
this.ignoringFeedbackSemantics = true,
})
分析源码可得,Draggable 是有状态的 StatefulWidget 组件,一般与 DragTarget 配合使用,拖拽至 DragTarget;其中 child 和 feedback 是两个必填属性,分别代表默认情况展示的子 Widget 和拖拽过程中移动时的子 Widget;
案例尝试
- 小菜先尝试一个最基本的 Draggable 效果,然后逐步添加属性效果;
Draggable(
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw02.jpg', width: 150.0));
- affinity 属性主要是用于与其他手势竞争,例如在垂直列表中,且 affinity 设置 Axis.horizontal 水平属性,则只允许水平方向拖拽,竖直方向则是列表的滚动;
return ListView(children: <Widget>[
Icon(Icons.access_alarm, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.print, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.android, size: 100),
Draggable(
child: Icon(Icons.ac_unit, size: 150, color: Colors.blue),
feedback: Icon(Icons.ac_unit, size: 200, color: Colors.red),
affinity: Axis.horizontal),
Icon(Icons.directions_car, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.sync, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.error, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.send, size: 100),
Icon(Icons.call, size: 100)
]);
- axis 用于限制拖拽方向,水平或竖直方向,若设置 null 则是全方向拖拽;其中在与其他滑动手势冲突时与 affinity 配合使用;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: Axis.horizontal,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw02.jpg', width: 150.0));
- childWhenDragging 为拖拽过程中,原位置子 Widget 对应展示内容;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: null,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw02.jpg', width: 150.0),
childWhenDragging: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw03.jpg', width: 150.0));
- dragAnchor 为移动过程中锚点位置,分为 child 和 pointer 两种;child 是以默认子 child 为基础,起始点以 Offset.zero 左上角位置为准;pointer 以在子 child 范围内,手势点击时位置为准;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: null,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw02.jpg', width: 150.0),
dragAnchor: DragAnchor.pointer);
- maxSimultaneousDrags 为针对于同一个子 child 可以同时拖拽个数,小菜尝试的两个手指同时向两个方向拖拽;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: null,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw02.jpg', width: 150.0),
maxSimultaneousDrags: 2);
- ignoringFeedbackSemantics 当子 child 和 feedback 为同一个 Widget 时,可以通过 ignoringFeedbackSemantics 设为 false 配合 Key 确保是同一个 Widget 减少绘制;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: null,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0, key: _itemKey),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
ignoringFeedbackSemantics: false);
- onDraggableX 为拖拽过程中的回调函数;onDragStarted 为开始拖拽时回调;onDraggableCanceled 为在没有被 DragTarget 接收时取消的回调;onDragEnd 为拖拽结束时的回调,不管是否被 DragTarget 接收;onDragCompleted 为被 DragTarget 接收成功时回调;
Draggable(affinity: Axis.horizontal, axis: null,
child: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0, key: _itemKey),
feedback: Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0),
childWhenDragging: Container(),
onDragCompleted: () => print('Draggable --> onDragCompleted'),
onDragEnd: (DraggableDetails details) => print('Draggable --> onDragEnd --> ${details.offset}'),
onDraggableCanceled: (Velocity velocity, Offset offset) => print('Draggable --> onDraggableCanceled --> $offset'),
onDragStarted: () => print('Draggable --> onDragStarted'));
- data 为 T 任意类型数据,主要是向 DragTarget 传递;
data: 'Draggable Data A !!!',
DragTarget
源码分析
const DragTarget({
Key key,
@required this.builder,
this.onWillAccept,
this.onAccept,
this.onLeave,
})
分析源码可得 DragTarget 同样为 StatefulWidget 带状态的 Widget,其中 builder 构造器为必填属性,用于构建接收 Draggable 后的 Widget 构建;
案例尝试
- builder 为构造器,其中包括三个属性,分别为 context 上下文环境,candidateData 为 onWillAccept 回调为 true 时可接收的数据列表,rejectedData 为 onWillAccept 回调为 false 时拒绝时的数据列表;
- onWillAccept 为拖拽到 DragTarget 时的回调,true 时会将 Data 数据添加到 candidateData 列表中;false 时会将 Data 数据添加到 rejectedData 列表中;
- onAccept 用于接收 Data 数据;
- onLeave 为离开时的回调;且小菜测试过程中,当 onWillAccept 返回 true 时,onAccept 和 onLeave 临界为手势拖拽的最后的坐标是否在 DragTarget 范围内;
DragTarget<String>(builder: (BuildContext context, List<String> candidateData, List<dynamic> rejectedData) {
print('DragTarget --> builder --> $candidateData --> $rejectedData -->$_dragState');
return _dragState
? Image.asset('images/icon_hzw01.jpg', width: 150.0)
: Container(height: 150.0, width: 150.0, color: Colors.blue.withOpacity(0.4));
}, onAccept: (String data) {
print('DragTarget --> onAccept --> $data -->$_dragState');
setState(() {
_dragState = true;
});
}, onLeave: (String data) {
print('DragTarget --> onLeave --> $data');
}, onWillAccept: (String data) {
print('DragTarget --> onWillAccept --> $data');
return true;
});
LongPressDraggable
源码分析
const LongPressDraggable({
Key key,
@required Widget child,
@required Widget feedback,
T data,
Axis axis,
Widget childWhenDragging,
Offset feedbackOffset = Offset.zero,
DragAnchor dragAnchor = DragAnchor.child,
int maxSimultaneousDrags,
VoidCallback onDragStarted,
DraggableCanceledCallback onDraggableCanceled,
DragEndCallback onDragEnd,
VoidCallback onDragCompleted,
this.hapticFeedbackOnStart = true,
bool ignoringFeedbackSemantics = true,
})
分析源码可得,LongPressDraggable 继承自 Draggable,属性和方法基本完全一致,只是需要长按拖拽;
小菜简答尝试了 Draggable 拖拽 Widget 以及对应接收拖拽的 DragTarget,下节尝试新闻类类型选项卡;小菜对 Draggable 底层源码还不够熟悉,如有问题请多多指导!
来源: 阿策小和尚