cassandra 集合类型及底层存储格式介绍

简介: cassandra的集合类型toturist 创建带有复杂cell的user表 CREATE TABLE ks.user ( id int PRIMARY KEY, addr map, complex map

cassandra的集合类型tourist

创建带有复杂cell的user表

CREATE TABLE ks.user (
    id int PRIMARY KEY,
    addr map<text, frozen<set<text>>>,
    complex map<text, frozen<map<text, text>>>,
    listcolumn list<text>,
    setcolumn set<text>
)

插入一些数据后,查询数据如下

cassandra@cqlsh:ks> select * from user;

 id | addr                                           | complex                          | listcolumn      | setcolumn
----+------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------
  1 | {'bj': {'ba', 'bb'}, 'shanghai': {'sa', 'sb'}} | {'bj': {'ka': 'va', 'kb': 'vb'}} | ['a', 'b', 'c'] | {'a', 'b', 'c'}

执行bin/nodetool flush,生成sst

查看sst,文本输出

tools/bin/sstabledump /data/data2/ks/user-a92ce790a8ff11e99a3d8963a5d3f9b4/md-17-big-Data.db
[
{
  "partition" : {
    "key" : [ "1" ],
    "position" : 0
  },
  "rows" : [
    {
      "type" : "row",
      "position" : 233,
      "liveness_info" : { "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011497Z" },
      "cells" : [
        { "name" : "addr", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011496Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36Z" } },
        { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : ["ba", "bb"] },
        { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "shanghai" ], "value" : ["sa", "sb"] },
        { "name" : "complex", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888562Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55Z" } },
        { "name" : "complex", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : {"ka": "va", "kb": "vb"}, "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888563Z" },
        { "name" : "listcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386468Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09Z" } },
        { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f0-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "a", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
        { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f1-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "b", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
        { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f2-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "c", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
        { "name" : "setcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280578Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03Z" } },
        { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "a" ], "value" : "", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280579Z" },
        { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "b" ], "value" : "", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280579Z" },
        { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "c" ], "value" : "", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280579Z" }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

底层的集合是通过cellName+path唯一标记一个元素的。
重点看下addr及complex列, 这两列是嵌套map
{ "name" : "complex", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : {"ka": "va", "kb": "vb"}, "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888563Z" },
但对于子map frozen<map<text, text>> 基本上是当做blob存储的,不能操作map中的子元素,这也是frozen语义。

c*是无主架构,可以多node并发写同一个集合,那如何解决冲突?答案是底层最小存储单元并不是cell,而是cell+path唯一标记的element,依赖于cell&path做单元合并的,以cell timestamp最新作为最终值
删除setcolumn中一个元素

cassandra@cqlsh:ks> update user set setcolumn = setcolumn - {'a'} where id =1;

flush后,查看刚生成的sstable, setcolumn.a写入了一个delete_info

[root@Cassandra8c32GTest005 cassandra]# tools/bin/sstabledump /data/data2/ks/user-a92ce790a8ff11e99a3d8963a5d3f9b4/md-19-big-Data.db
[
{
  "partition" : {
    "key" : [ "1" ],
    "position" : 0
  },
  "rows" : [
    {
      "type" : "row",
      "position" : 27,
      "cells" : [
        { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "a" ], "deletion_info" : { "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T10:03:17Z" },
          "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T10:03:17.038519Z"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
]

做下手工merge,可以发现setcolumn.a value没了,写入了delete_info

bin/nodetool compact
tools/bin/sstabledump /data/data2/ks/user-a92ce790a8ff11e99a3d8963a5d3f9b4/md-22-big-Data.db
[
  {
    "partition" : {
      "key" : [ "1" ],
      "position" : 0
    },
    "rows" : [
      {
        "type" : "row",
        "position" : 236,
        "liveness_info" : { "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011497Z" },
        "cells" : [
          { "name" : "addr", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011496Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36Z" } },
          { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : ["ba", "bb"] },
          { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "shanghai" ], "value" : ["sa", "sb"] },
          { "name" : "complex", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888562Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55Z" } },
          { "name" : "complex", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : {"ka": "va", "kb": "vb"}, "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888563Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386468Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09Z" } },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f0-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "a", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f1-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "b", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f2-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "c", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "setcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280578Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03Z" } },
          { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "a" ], "deletion_info" : { "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T10:03:17Z" },
            "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T10:03:17.038519Z"
          },
          { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "b" ], "value" : "", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280579Z" },
          { "name" : "setcolumn", "path" : [ "c" ], "value" : "", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:55:03.280579Z" }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }

试试删除setcolumn整列

update user set setcolumn = null where id =1;

刷sst,执行nodetool compact, 使用dump工具查看,setcolumn之前的子元素全部消失了。

tools/bin/sstabledump  /data/data2/ks/user-a92ce790a8ff11e99a3d8963a5d3f9b4/md-27-big-Data.db
[
  {
    "partition" : {
      "key" : [ "1" ],
      "position" : 0
    },
    "rows" : [
      {
        "type" : "row",
        "position" : 210,
        "liveness_info" : { "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011497Z" },
        "cells" : [
          { "name" : "addr", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36.011496Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:43:36Z" } },
          { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : ["ba", "bb"] },
          { "name" : "addr", "path" : [ "shanghai" ], "value" : ["sa", "sb"] },
          { "name" : "complex", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888562Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55Z" } },
          { "name" : "complex", "path" : [ "bj" ], "value" : {"ka": "va", "kb": "vb"}, "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:47:55.888563Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386468Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09Z" } },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f0-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "a", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f1-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "b", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "listcolumn", "path" : [ "982493f2-a907-11e9-9a3d-8963a5d3f9b4" ], "value" : "c", "tstamp" : "2019-07-18T02:56:09.386469Z" },
          { "name" : "setcolumn", "deletion_info" : { "marked_deleted" : "2019-07-18T10:11:06.966534Z", "local_delete_time" : "2019-07-18T10:11:06Z" } }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }

总结

cassandra 宽表模型是将列打平存储成一个个cell,对于集合类型,相当于把cell再打平成path存储,整个表格相当于是一个双层结构。同时集合cell有自己的deleteTime,下层的path也有自己的deleteTime, ts等。

钉钉群交流

为了营造一个开放的 Cassandra 技术交流,我们建立了微信群和钉钉群,为广大用户提供专业的技术分享及问答,定期在国内开展线下技术沙龙,专家技术直播,欢迎大家加入。
image

钉钉群入群链接:https://c.tb.cn/F3.ZRTY0o

相关文章
|
Ubuntu Linux Windows
Linux开发环境配置详细过程--正点原子阿尔法开发板
Linux开发环境配置详细过程--正点原子阿尔法开发板
1455 0
|
Java 机器人 网络安全
Java代码快速生成验证码
Java代码快速生成验证码
503 0
|
小程序 开发工具 开发者
微信开发者工具使用教程
微信开发者工具使用教程
|
存储 缓存 算法
JVM第三讲:深入理解java虚拟机之垃圾回收算法?CMS垃圾回收的基本流程?对象引用类型?
JVM第三讲:深入理解java虚拟机之垃圾回收算法?CMS垃圾回收的基本流程?对象引用类型?
840 0
|
人工智能 网络协议 Linux
MCP 协议: Streamable HTTP 是最佳选择
随着AI应用变得越来越复杂并被广泛部署,原有的通信机制面临着一系列挑战。近期MCP仓库的PR #206引入了一个全新的Streamable HTTP传输层替代原有的HTTP+SSE传输层。本文将详细分析该协议的技术细节和实际优势。
7961 102
|
Java 数据库连接 索引
Mybatis (ParameterType) 如何传递多个不同类型的参数
偶然碰到一个需要给xml传一个String类型和一个Integer类型的需求,当时心想用map感觉有点太浪费,所以专门研究了下各种方式。 方法一:不需要写parameterType参数 public List getXXXBeanList(String xxId, String xxCode);   select t.
5310 0
|
存储 JavaScript 安全
【HarmonyOS Next之旅】HarmonyOS开发基础知识(二)
本文主要介绍了HarmonyOS应用的配置文件说明、应用数据管理和应用安全管理三大核心内容。在配置文件说明部分,详细解析了“config.json”中app、deviceConfig和module三个关键组成部分的结构与功能,涵盖版本管理、设备配置及模块定义等细节。应用数据管理部分阐述了本地数据存储、分布式数据服务、文件共享及搜索服务等功能,确保跨设备数据一致性。应用安全管理则从开发准备、编码安全、权限使用到发布分发全流程,提供了保障应用安全的最佳实践。内容全面覆盖了HarmonyOS应用开发的核心环节,为开发者提供了详尽指导。
770 1
|
消息中间件 供应链 测试技术
图解 DDD,这一篇总结太全面了!
DDD领域驱动是非常热的架构设计,微服务也有大量涉及,本文详细解析领域驱动设计(DDD),涵盖DDD原理、实践步骤及核心概念等,帮助更好地管理复杂业务逻辑。关注【mikechen的互联网架构】,10年+BAT架构经验倾囊相授。
图解 DDD,这一篇总结太全面了!
|
SQL 存储 JSON
Cassandra CQL语法 以及功能介绍
内容摘要: 一、Cassandra简单介绍 ·Cassandra的历史和基本架构 二、Cassandra CQL介绍 ·如何使用CQL语言操作Cassandra
5765 0
Cassandra CQL语法 以及功能介绍
|
存储 NoSQL 数据挖掘
在 ScyllaDB(或 Cassandra)中使用主键、分区键和群集键
在 ScyllaDB(或 Cassandra)中使用主键、分区键和群集键
364 0