Java客户端访问HBase集群解决方案(优化)

测试环境：Idea+Windows10

准备工作：

   <1>、打开本地 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc（系统默认）下名为hosts的系统文件，如果提示当前用户没有权限打开文件；第一种方法是将hosts文件拖到桌面进行配置后再拖回原处；第二种一劳永逸的方法是修改当前用户对该文件的权限为完全控制;

   <2>、打开后hosts文件后，添加HBase集群服务器的用户名及IP地址如下：

   <3>、由于是windows系统下远程连接HBase，而HBase底层依赖Hadoop，所以需要下载hadoop二进制包存放到本地目录将来会在程序中引用该目录，否则会报错。你也可以理解为windows下需要模拟linux环境才能正常连接HBasehadoop；（注：windows下的版本需要和linux下一致，这里我仅仅提供的2.6.0hadoop版本解析包）

程序代码：

pom.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring_hbase</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<name>spring_hbase</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!--HBase依赖-->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
			<artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.0</version>
			<exclusions>
				<exclusion>
					<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
					<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
				</exclusion>
			</exclusions>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-hadoop</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
			<artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.1</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-hadoop-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.4.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
			<artifactId>hbase</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.1</version>
			<type>pom</type>
		</dependency>
		<!--HBase依赖-->
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

HBaseUtils.class：

package com.example.spring_hbase;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import org.springframework.data.hadoop.hbase.HbaseTemplate;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * HBase工具类
 * Author JiaPeng_lv
 */
public class HBaseUtils {
    private static Connection connection;
    private static Configuration configuration;
    private static HBaseUtils hBaseUtils;
    private static Properties properties;

    /**
     * 创建连接池并初始化环境配置
     */
    public void init(){
        properties = System.getProperties();
        //实例化HBase配置类
        if (configuration==null){
            configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        }
        try {
            //加载本地hadoop二进制包
            properties.setProperty("hadoop.home.dir", "D:\\hadoop-common-2.6.0-bin-master");
            //zookeeper集群的URL配置信息
            configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum","k1,k2,k3,k4,k5");
            //HBase的Master
            configuration.set("hbase.master","hba:60000");
            //客户端连接zookeeper端口
            configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort","2181");
            //HBase RPC请求超时时间，默认60s(60000)
            configuration.setInt("hbase.rpc.timeout",20000);
            //客户端重试最大次数，默认35
            configuration.setInt("hbase.client.retries.number",10);
            //客户端发起一次操作数据请求直至得到响应之间的总超时时间，可能包含多个RPC请求，默认为2min
            configuration.setInt("hbase.client.operation.timeout",30000);
            //客户端发起一次scan操作的rpc调用至得到响应之间的总超时时间
            configuration.setInt("hbase.client.scanner.timeout.period",200000);
            //获取hbase连接对象
            if (connection==null||connection.isClosed()){
                connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 关闭连接池
     */
    public static void close(){
        try {
            if (connection!=null)connection.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私有无参构造方法
     */
    private HBaseUtils(){}

    /**
     * 唯一实例，线程安全，保证连接池唯一
     * @return
     */
    public static HBaseUtils getInstance(){
        if (hBaseUtils == null){
            synchronized (HBaseUtils.class){
                if (hBaseUtils == null){
                    hBaseUtils = new HBaseUtils();
                    hBaseUtils.init();
                }
            }
        }
        return hBaseUtils;
    }

    /**
     * 获取单条数据
     * @param tablename
     * @param row
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static Result getRow(String tablename, byte[] row) throws IOException{
        Table table = null;
        Result result = null;
        try {
            table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tablename));
            Get get = new Get(row);
            result = table.get(get);
        }finally {
            table.close();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 查询多行信息
     * @param tablename
     * @param rows
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static Result[] getRows(String tablename,List<byte[]> rows) throws  IOException{
        Table table = null;
        List<Get> gets = null;
        Result[] results = null;
        try {
            table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tablename));
            gets = new ArrayList<Get>();
            for (byte[] row : rows){
                if(row!=null){
                    gets.add(new Get(row));
                }
            }
            if (gets.size() > 0) {
                results = table.get(gets);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            table.close();
        }
        return results;
    }

    /**
     * 获取整表数据
     * @param tablename
     * @return
     */
    public static ResultScanner get(String tablename) throws IOException{
        Table table = null;
        ResultScanner results = null;
        try {
            table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tablename));
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            scan.setCaching(1000);
            results = table.getScanner(scan);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            table.close();
        }
        return results;
    }

    /**
     * 单行插入数据
     * @param tablename
     * @param rowkey
     * @param family
     * @param cloumns
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void put(String tablename, String rowkey, String family, Map<String,String> cloumns) throws IOException{
        Table table = null;
        try {
            table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tablename));
            Put put = new Put(rowkey.getBytes());
            for (Map.Entry<String,String> entry : cloumns.entrySet()){
                put.addColumn(family.getBytes(),entry.getKey().getBytes(),entry.getValue().getBytes());
            }
            table.put(put);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            table.close();
            close();
        }
    }
}

①、保证该工具类唯一实例

②、全局共享重量级类Connection，该类为线程安全，使用完毕后关闭连接池

③、每次执行内部CRUD方法会创建唯一对象Table，该类为非线程安全，使用完毕后关闭

由于时间原因，内部功能方法及测试较少，有其他需求的可以自行百度添加更多方法，这里主要以类结构及配置为主。

Test.class：

package com.example.spring_hbase;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringHbaseApplicationTests {
	@Test
	public void contextLoads() {
	}

	@Test
	public void test01(){
		HBaseUtils.getInstance();
		try {
			Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
			Result result = HBaseUtils.getRow("GPS_MAP", Bytes.toBytes(1));
			System.out.println("本次查询耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)*1.0/1000+"s");
			NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<Long,byte[]>>> navigableMap = result.getMap();
			for (byte[] family:navigableMap.keySet()){
				System.out.println("columnFamily:"+ new String(family));
				for (byte[] column : navigableMap.get(family).keySet()){
					System.out.println("column:"+new String(column));
					for (Long t : navigableMap.get(family).get(column).keySet()){
						System.out.println("value:"+new String(navigableMap.get(family).get(column).get(t)));
					}
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			HBaseUtils.close();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void test02(){
		HBaseUtils.getInstance();
		ResultScanner results = null;
		try {
			Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
			results = HBaseUtils.get("GPS_MAP");
			System.out.println("本次查询耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)*1.0/1000+"s");
			for (Result result : results){
				NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<Long,byte[]>>> navigableMap = result.getMap();
				for (byte[] family:navigableMap.keySet()){
					System.out.println("columnFamily:"+ new String(family));
					for (byte[] column : navigableMap.get(family).keySet()){
						System.out.println("column:"+new String(column));
						for (Long t : navigableMap.get(family).get(column).keySet()){
							System.out.println("value:"+new String(navigableMap.get(family).get(column).get(t)));
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			results.close();
			HBaseUtils.close();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void test03(){
		HBaseUtils.getInstance();
		Result[] results = null;
		List<byte[]> list = null;
		try {
			list = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
			list.add(Bytes.toBytes(1));
			list.add(Bytes.toBytes(2));
			Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
			results = HBaseUtils.getRows("GPS_MAP",list);
			System.out.println("本次查询耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)*1.0/1000+"s");
			for (Result result : results){
				NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<byte[],NavigableMap<Long,byte[]>>> navigableMap = result.getMap();
				for (byte[] family:navigableMap.keySet()){
					System.out.println("columnFamily:"+ new String(family));
					for (byte[] column : navigableMap.get(family).keySet()){
						System.out.println("column:"+new String(column));
						for (Long t : navigableMap.get(family).get(column).keySet()){
							System.out.println("value:"+new String(navigableMap.get(family).get(column).get(t)));
						}
					}
				}
			}
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			HBaseUtils.close();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void test04(){
		HBaseUtils.getInstance();
		try {
			Map<String,String> cloumns = new HashMap<String, String>();
			cloumns.put("test01","test01");
			cloumns.put("test02","test02");
			Long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
			HBaseUtils.put("GPS_MAP","3","TEST",cloumns);
			System.out.println("本次插入耗时："+(System.currentTimeMillis()-time)*1.0/1000+"s");
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally {
			HBaseUtils.close();
		}
	}
}

测试后发现查询和插入效率相对于没有优化过的类耗时大大缩减；